Table 2.

Proximate causes behind the two creative forces of evolution.

origin of adaptive variation	origin of selection
— phenotypic accommodation/developmental plasticity — developmental bias on variation/novelty — facilitated variation, internal selection, self-organization — adaptability driver, genetic assimilation and accommodation — developmental niche construction and exogenetic inheritance — cultural evolution	— complex adaptive systems with differential abilities to reproduce — developmental bias on natural selection — the shape of particular traits and how they interact with particular processes in the environment — selective niche construction and ecological inheritance — cultural evolution