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. 2017 Aug 21;8:985. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.00985

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Copyright © 2017 Rabbi, Eissa, Munyaka, Kermarrec, Elgazzar, Khafipour, Bernstein and Ghia.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of human catestatin (hCTS) treatment (1.5 mg/kg/day, i.r. 7 days) on colonic cytokines. hCTS treatment resulted in significant downregulation of colonic pro-inflammatory cytokines during colitis activation in quiescence colitic mice, including interleukin (IL)-6 (A), IL-1β (B), and TNF- α (C). There was no observable effect of hCTS on colonic anti-inflammatory cytokines in these mice, including TGF- β (D) and IL-10 (E). n ≥ 5; ^aP < 0.05 compared to the Control [No dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)/No hCTS] group; ^bP < 0.05 compared to the hCTS (No DSS) group; ^cP < 0.05 compared to the DSS (No hCTS) group; Bonferroni, one-way ANOVA. Control (n = 5), hCTS (n = 5), 4% DSS (n = 10), 4% DSS + hCTS (n = 12).