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. 2017 Aug 21;7:8386. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-08120-9

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Imagined graded muscle contractions modulates neural activity in M1. The top row shows the angle cue that was presented visually to the participant. Each column corresponds to the cue from the top row. The second row shows the mean MWP superimposed on the layout of the MEA. The MWP is averaged over each trial from 0.5 s after cue presentation to 2.5 s after cue presentation. The third row shows the temporal evolution of MWP for each of the 21 trials (for the rest cues we show the first 21 trials) for Channel 24 from 0.5 s before the cue until 2.5 s after the cue. The dashed line at 0 s represents the time of cue presentation. Channel 24 shows a pattern of low MWP for the rest angle, high MWP activity at the lower non-zero angles and decreasing MWP activity as the angles increase. The last row follows the same format as above but represents Channel 67, which shows increasing MWP activity with increased angles.