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. 2017 Aug 21;7:8901. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09376-x

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Enthalpy of adsorption versus uptake of H₂O molecules on: red symbols = HA1; black symbols = HA2; orange symbols = Cit–HA–4 h; purple symbols = Cit–HA–24 h and green symbols = Cit–HA–96 h. Panel a, half-filled symbols: attainment of the first hydration layer. Panel b, full symbols: additional adsorption of water, within the limit of the method. Related volumetric isotherms (adsorbed H₂O molecules·nm² vs. pH₂O) are in Supplementary Fig. S5. The dotted line indicated the value of latent enthalpy of liquefaction of water, −Δ_liqH(H₂O), for the sake of comparison.