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. 2017 Aug 22;7:9162. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09149-6

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Effect of high calorie environment towards oxidative stress and pro-inflammatory status in rat strains. After the completion of feeding experiment, blood was collected; plasma was separated and estimated the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines. (A) Interleukin 6; IL-6. (B) Tumor necrosis factor alpha; TNFα. (C) Interleukin 1 beta; IL-1β. (D) Macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha; MIP-1α. (E) Vascular endothelial growth factor; VEGF. (F) IFN gamma inducible protein 10; IP-10. (G) Monocyte chemotactic protein 1; MCP1 and anti -inflammatory cytokines such as (H) Interleukin 4; IL-4 and (I) Interleukin 10; IL-10. (J) TBARS assay was performed on liver tissue lysate to study oxidative stress. Data was presented as mean ± SEM (n = 6 per group). Diets: control; HF, high fat; HS, high sucrose; HFS, high fat sucrose. TBARS, Thio Barbituricacid Reactive Substances. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001 statistically significance compared to their respective controls. Groups were compared using one way ANOVA.