Table 3.
Results of logistic regressions exploring the association between self-reported need for social care and sociodemographic characteristics. n = 6462 in all modelsa
| Unadjusted Odds Ratio (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 1 (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 2 (95% CI) | Adjusted Odds Ratios Model 3 (95% CI) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BMI (excludes missing) | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07)** | |||
| BMI | 1.05 (1.04 to 1.07)** | 0.36 (0.21 to 0.62)** | 0.48 (0.27 to 0.85)* | 0.44 (0.25 to 0.78)** |
| BMI2 | 1.03 (1.02 to 1.05)** | 1.02 (1.00 to 1.04)* | 1.03 (1.01 to 1.05)** | |
| BMI3 | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)** | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)* | 1.00 (1.00 to 1.00)* | |
| BMI category | ||||
| < 18.5 | 2.61 (0.22 to 0.67)** | |||
| 18.5 to <25 | Ref | |||
| 25 to <30 | 0.95 (0.80 to 1.12) | |||
| 30 to <40 | 1.75 (1.47 to 2.08)** | |||
| 40+ | 3.19 (2.13 to 4.77)** | |||
| Missing | 4.03 (3.38 to 4.81)** | |||
| Limiting long term illness | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 14.18 (12.40 to 16.21)** | 12.70 (10.99 to 14.68)** | ||
| Limiting long term illness excluding any diabetes | ||||
| No | Ref | Ref | ||
| Yes | 7.81 (6.93 to 8.79)** | 7.21 (6.34 to 8.21)** | ||
| Limiting illness excluding any diabetes or heart-related/stroke | ||||
| No | Ref | |||
| Yes | 5.73 (5.10 to 6.45)** | |||
| Sex | ||||
| Female | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Male | 0.61 (0.55 to 0.67)** | 0.70 (0.63 to 0.79)** | 0.70 (0.61 to 0.80)** | 0.74 (0.65 to 0.84)** |
| Age (years) | ||||
| 65–69 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 70–74 | 1.60 (1.37 to 1.88)** | 1.60 (1.35 to 1.88) | 1.50 (1.25 to 1.81)** | 1.56 (1.31 to 1.86)** |
| 75–79 | 2.18 (1.83 to 2.59)** | 2.10 (1.75 to 2.51)** | 1.89 (1.54 to 2.31)** | 1.99 (1.64 to 2.41)** |
| 80–84 | 4.71 (3.94 to 5.64)** | 5.03 (4.15 to 6.09)** | 3.99 (3.16 to 5.03)** | 4.30 (3.47 to 5.34)** |
| 85+ | 9.08 (7.42 to 11.11)** | 9.89 (7.92 to 12.36)** | 9.29 (7.21 to 11.98)** | 9.17 (7.24 to 11.63)** |
| Ethnic Origin | ||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Asian | 1.81 (1.18 to 2.76)** | 1.96 (1.23 to 3.12)** | 1.81 (1.04 to 3.15)* | 2.70 (1.56 to 4.67)** |
| Black | 1.05 (0.65 to 1.72) | 0.66 (0.39 to 1.10) | 0.70 (0.42 to 1.16) | 0.80 (0.49 to 1.31) |
| Other | 1.09 (0.54 to 2.17) | 1.26 (0.62 to 2.57) | 1.38 (0.49 to 3.92) | 1.41 (0.51 to 3.93) |
| Missing | 1.91 (0.92 to 3.96) | 1.19 (0.50 to 2.83) | 1.20 (0.50 to 2.86) | 1.38 (0.61 to 3.17) |
| IMD quintile | ||||
| 1 least deprived | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2 | 1.29 (1.09 to 1.51)** | 1.11 (0.93 to 1.33) | 1.08 (0.87 to 1.32) | 1.11 (0.91 to 1.35) |
| 3 | 1.45 (1.22 to 1.72)** | 1.28 (1.07 to 1.53)** | 1.10 (0.90 to 1.35) | 1.17 (0.96 to 1.43) |
| 4 | 1.94 (1.62 to 2.31)** | 1.55 (1.27 to 1.88)** | 1.35 (1.09 to 1.67)** | 1.46 (1.18 to 1.79)** |
| 5 most deprived | 3.00 (2.47 to 3.63)** | 2.42 (1.94 to 3.03)** | 2.02 (1.58 to 2.58)** | 2.22 (1.76 to 2.81)** |
| Equivalised income tertile | ||||
| Lowest | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Middle | 0.67 (0.58 to 0.77)** | 0.81 (0.69 to 0.95)* | 0.88 (0.73 to 1.05) | 0.83 (0.70 to 0.99)* |
| Highest | 0.33 (0.27 to 0.41)** | 0.49 (0.39 to 0.61)** | 0.62 (0.48 to 0.81)** | 0.56 (0.44 to 0.71)** |
| Missing | 0.95 (0.82 to 1.09) | 0.86 (0.74 to 1.01) | 0.97 (0.81 to 1.16) | 0.94 (0.79 to 1.11) |
| Marital status | ||||
| Not married or cohabiting | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Married or cohabiting | 0.44 (0.39 to 0.49)** | 0.67 (0.55 to 0.82)** | 0.69 (0.56 to 0.86)** | 0.68 (0.55 to 0.83)** |
| Adults in household | 0.75 (0.68 to 0.84)** | 1.19 (1.02 to 1.38)* | 1.06 (0.90 to 1.24) | 1.09 (0.94 to 1.27) |
| Children in household | 1.56 (1.12 to 2.19)** | 1.24 (0.86 to 1.78) | 1.58 (1.09 to 2.27)* | 1.35 (0.96 to 1.89) |
a Model 2 is adjusted for limiting long term illness, in addition to the sociodemographic characteristics also considered in model 1; model 3 is the same as model 2 but uses a definition of long term illness which does not include diabetes
** p < 0.01, * p < 0.05