Table 1.
Prenatal maternal and child 8-year urinary BPA concentrations and 8-year Behavioral Symptom Index (BSI), Global Executive Composite (GEC), and Full-Scale IQ (FSIQ) scores according to sociodemographic, caregiving, maternal, and behavioral factors.
| Covariate | Prenatal BPA (ng/mL) | 8-Year BPA (ng/mL) | BSI Score | GEC Score | Full-Scale IQ | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | Median (25th, 75th) | N | Median (25th, 75th) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | N | Mean (SD) | |
| Overall | 228 | 2.1 (1.0, 3.5) | 222 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.6) | 228 | 50 (9) | 228 | 48 (11) | 220 | 102 (16) |
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| Child Sex | ||||||||||
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| Female | 127 | 2.2 (0.9, 3.6) | 122 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.9) | 127 | 49 (9) | 127 | 49 (10) | 122 | 102 (16) |
| Male | 101 | 2.0 (1.1, 3.1) | 100 | 1.7 (1.0, 3.3) | 101 | 51 (9) | 101 | 48 (11) | 98 | 101 (15) |
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| Child Race | ||||||||||
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| White | 128 | 1.5 (0.7, 2.5) | 126 | 1.5 (0.8, 3.1) | 128 | 49 (9) | 128 | 47 (10) | 124 | 108 (12) |
| Black | 80 | 3.3 (2.4, 5.2) | 78 | 2.3 (1.3, 4.8) | 80 | 51 (10) | 80 | 51 (11) | 78 | 91 (15) |
| Other | 15 | 1.4 (1.1, 1.9) | 13 | 1.5 (1.0, 1.9) | 15 | 49 (9) | 15 | 50 (13) | 13 | 110 (16) |
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| Maternal Education | ||||||||||
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| College graduate Tech school/Some | 106 | 1.4 (0.7, 2.2) | 102 | 1.5 (1.0, 2.9) | 106 | 49 (9) | 106 | 46(10) | 101 | 109 (12) |
| College | 63 | 2.6 (1.4, 4.0) | 63 | 2.1 (1.1, 4.1) | 63 | 51 (10) | 63 | 50 (11) | 62 | 100 (14) |
| High school graduate | 35 | 3.1 (2.1, 5.3) | 33 | 1.6 (1.1, 3.4) | 35 | 49 (8) | 35 | 49 (10) | 33 | 90 (18) |
| Less than grade 12 | 24 | 3.2 (2.2, 5.1) | 24 | 2.4 (1.2, 3.4) | 24 | 52 (10) | 24 | 52 (9) | 24 | 90 (13) |
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| Household Income | ||||||||||
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| >$80K | 58 | 1.5 (0.8, 2.8) | 57 | 1.5 (0.9, 3.5) | 58 | 49 (8) | 58 | 46 (10) | 56 | 112 (12) |
| $40–80K | 75 | 1.5 (0.7, 2.7) | 71 | 1.5 (1.0, 3.0) | 75 | 49 (9) | 75 | 47 (11) | 71 | 104 (14) |
| $20–40K | 34 | 2.6 (1.6, 3.8) | 34 | 1.5 (0.7, 3.7) | 34 | 49 (8) | 34 | 50 (11) | 34 | 101 (12) |
| <$20K | 61 | 3.4 (2.2, 5.3) | 60 | 2.3 (1.4, 4.0) | 61 | 52 (10) | 61 | 51 (10) | 59 | 89 (15) |
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| Marital Status | ||||||||||
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| Married | 141 | 1.6 (0.8, 2.7) | 136 | 1.5 (0.9, 3.0) | 141 | 49 (9) | 141 | 47 (10) | 135 | 108 (13) |
| Unmarried, living with someone | 28 | 3.1 (2.1, 5.4) | 27 | 3.4 (1.8, 4.6) | 28 | 49 (7) | 28 | 49 (9) | 27 | 94 (17) |
| Unmarried, living alone | 59 | 3.1 (1.9, 5.0) | 59 | 1.8 (1.1, 4.0) | 59 | 51 (10) | 59 | 52 (11) | 58 | 91(15) |
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| Caregiving Environment | ||||||||||
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| <35 | 37 | 3.6 (2.7, 5.8) | 36 | 2.9 (1.3, 5.9) | 37 | 50 (8) | 37 | 50 (9) | 36 | 91(15) |
| 35–<40 | 42 | 2.5 (1.5, 4.0) | 42 | 1.7 (1.0, 4.0) | 42 | 52 (10) | 42 | 52 (11) | 42 | 96 (16) |
| 40+ | 133 | 1.6 (0.8, 2.7) | 128 | 1.5 (1.0, 3.0) | 133 | 49 (9) | 133 | 47 (11) | 126 | 108 (13) |
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| Maternal BDI–II | ||||||||||
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| Minimal: <14 | 176 | 1.8 (0.9, 3.3) | 172 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.4) | 176 | 49 (9) | 176 | 47 (11) | 170 | 104 (15) |
| Mild: 14–19 | 30 | 2.5 (1.8, 4.2) | 30 | 2.3 (1.3, 4.0) | 30 | 52 (10) | 30 | 52 (11) | 29 | 93 (16) |
| Moderate/Severe: >19 | 20 | 2.6 (1.3, 3.9) | 18 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.4) | 20 | 55 (9) | 20 | 55 (8) | 19 | 95 (15) |
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| Maternal CAARS | ||||||||||
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| <40 | 56 | 2.3 (1.4, 4.2) | 54 | 1.4 (0.9, 3.2) | 56 | 43 (8) | 56 | 41 (8) | 54 | 100 (17) |
| 40–45 | 62 | 2.2 (1.2, 3.5) | 60 | 1.8 (1.3, 3.7) | 62 | 50 (9) | 62 | 49 (10) | 61 | 101 (15) |
| 46–52 | 58 | 1.6 (0.7, 3.3) | 58 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.5) | 58 | 51 (7) | 58 | 49 (9) | 54 | 102 (15) |
| >52 | 52 | 2.0 (1.3, 2.8) | 50 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.9) | 52 | 55 (9) | 52 | 54 (11) | 51 | 104 (17) |
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| Maternal FSIQ | ||||||||||
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| <96 | 68 | 3.3 (2.3, 5.0) | 67 | 2.0 (1.3, 4.0) | 68 | 50 (10) | 68 | 50 (10) | 67 | 92 (14) |
| 96–109 | 46 | 1.8 (0.9, 2.9) | 45 | 1.6 (0.9, 4.0) | 46 | 48 (8) | 46 | 49 (11) | 44 | 98(17) |
| 109–117 | 49 | 1.8 (1.0, 3.2) | 48 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.3) | 49 | 49 (8) | 49 | 48 (11) | 47 | 108 (10) |
| >=117 | 65 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.3) | 62 | 1.5 (0.8, 2.5) | 65 | 50 (10) | 65 | 47 (11) | 62 | 110 (14) |
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| Maternal Cotinine | ||||||||||
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| <LOD | 78 | 1.3 (0.7, 2.2) | 75 | 1.5 (0.8, 3.0) | 78 | 49 (9) | 78 | 45 (9) | 74 | 107 (13) |
| LOD - 3 ng/mL | 123 | 2.5 (1.3, 4.0) | 121 | 1.7 (1.1, 3.7) | 123 | 50 (9) | 123 | 50 (11) | 121 | 100 (16) |
| >3 ng/mL | 27 | 2.7 (2.1, 5.3) | 26 | 2.8 (1.1, 4.1) | 27 | 51 (9) | 27 | 52 (11) | 25 | 94 (16) |
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| Prenatal Vitamin | ||||||||||
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| Rarely/Never | 34 | 2.7 (1.8, 4.2) | 32 | 1.9 (1.2, 3.7) | 34 | 52 (9) | 34 | 51 (10) | 32 | 91(17) |
| Weekly/Daily | 194 | 1.9 (0.9, 3.3) | 190 | 1.6 (1.0, 3.5) | 194 | 49 (9) | 194 | 48 (11) | 188 | 103 (15) |
Abbreviations: BSI=Behavioral Symptom Index, GEC=Global Executive Composite, FSIQ=Full-Scale IQ, BDI= Beck Depression Inventory, CAARS= Conners’ Adult ADHD Rating Scale