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Modified and baseline extraction yields of spore DNA from synthetic Mars analog soils and water. DNA yields from 50 mg of soil (including water control) and 2.23 × 108 Bacillus subtilis spores (∼1 μg DNA) were increased with soil-specific modified extraction protocols (standard error shown, n = 3). Our results suggest that a combination of desalting and competitive binders may establish a “universal” Mars protocol.
