Table 5.
Comorbidities and their association with survival after adjustment for age, smoking status, gender and DLco% or CPI
| Multivariate with DLco%a | Multivariate with CPI a | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N(%) | HR (95 % CI) | p-value | HR (95 % C I) | p-value | |
| Cardiovascular diseases b | 96 (72.7) | 1.6 (1.01 – 2.52) | 0.047 | 1.5 (0.94 – 2.38) | 0.086 |
| Coronary artery disease | 65 (49.2) | 1.4 (0.92 – 2.05) | 0.124 | 1.4 (0.93 – 2.10) | 0.109 |
| Hypertension | 60 (45.5) | 1.0 (0.69 – 1.52) | 0.900 | 1.0 (0.67 – 1.47) | 0.955 |
| Heart failure c | 36 (27.2) | 0.8 (053 – 1.25) | 0.339 | 0.8 (0.53 – 1.27) | 0.378 |
| Cerebral infarction | 13 (9.8) | 0.8 (0.40 – 1.44) | 0.395 | 0.9 (0.45 – 1.63) | 0.638 |
| TIA | 8 (6.1) | 1.1 (0.48 – 2.66) | 0.778 | 1.2 (0.52 – 2.89) | 0.648 |
| Diabetes | 35 (26.5) | 1.3 (0.82 – 2.11) | 0.256 | 1.4 (1.03 – 1.07) | 0.198 |
| OSA | 6 (4.5) | 0.5 (0.22 – 1.20) | 0.121 | 0.5 (0.21 – 1.59) | 0.105 |
| GER | 14 (10.6) | 0.9 (0.49 – 1.74) | 0.799 | 0.9 (0.46 – 1.64) | 0.661 |
| Asthma | 21 (15.9) | 1.6 (0.92 – 2.78) | 0.098 | 1.5 (0.89 – 2.66) | 0.126 |
| COPD | 10 (7.6) | 2.5 (1.02 – 6.01) | 0.045 | 1.8 (0.78 – 4.27) | 0.163 |
| Lung cancer | 9 (6.8) | 1.0 (0.48 – 2.15) | 0.965 | 0.9 (0.43 – 1.92) | 0.808 |
| Depression | 10 (7.6) | 0.9 (0.43 – 2.06) | 0.880 | 0.8 (0.39 – 1.81) | 0.654 |
| Medications | |||||
| Statins | 56 (42.4) | 1.3 (0.85 – 2.06) | 0.215 | 1.4 (0.91 – 2.25) | 0.121 |
| Beta-blockers | 57 (43.2) | 0.9 (0.58 – 1.35) | 0.566 | 0.9 (0.59 – 1.39) | 0.643 |
| GER medication | 13 (9.8) | 0.9 (0.48 – 1.71) | 0.752 | 1.2 (0.64 – 2.28) | 0.556 |
| ACE inhibitors or angiotensin 1 antagonists | 48 (36.4) | 1.4 (0.94 – 2.04) | 0.103 | 1.1 (0.70 – 1.66) | 0.737 |
| Anticoagulants | 15 (11.4) | 1.1 (0.59 – 1.89) | 0.849 | 0.7 (0.39 – 1.37) | 0.332 |
| Platelet function drugs d | 58 (43.9) | 1.2 (0.77 – 1.88) | 0.420 | 1.3 (0.82 – 2.04) | 0.277 |
| Inhaled corticosteroids | 12 (9.1) | 1.4 (0.71 – 2.83) | 0.327 | 1.0 (1.03 – 1.07) | 0.290 |
| Antidiabetic drugs e | 22 (16.7) | 1.6 (0.88 – 2.84) | 0.123 | 1.7 (0.94 – 3.03) | 0.082 |
| Insulin | 9 (6.8) | 2.4 (0.95 – 6.24) | 0.063 | 2.8 (1.07 – 7.09) | 0.036 |
| Thyroid medication | 16 (12.1) | 0.9 (0.49 – 1.81) | 0.858 | 1.0 (0.50 – 1.90) | 0.946 |
| Allopurinol | 4 (3.0) | 0.8 (0.18 – 3.21) | 0.717 | 0.6 (0.14 – 2.37 ) | 0.439 |
N number, SD standard deviation, 95 % C I 95 percent confidence interval, HRCT high resolution computed tomography, UIP usual interstitial pneumonia, TIA transient ischemic attack, OSA obstructive sleep apnea, GER gastro-esophageal reflux, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
aAdjusted for age, gender and smoking history and DLco% or CPI
bCoronary artery disease, hypertension and cerebral infarction
cHeart failure for any reason
dAcetylsalicylic acid, dipyridamole and clopidogrel
eMetformin, glimepiride and sitagliptin