Table 1.

Baseline characteristics

	Overall Population (n=3050)
Age (yr), mean	60.84 ± 13.25
Female	1806 (59.2)
Race
White	1986 (65.1)
Black	433 (14.2)
Hispanic	414 (13.6)
Other	217 (7.1)
Admission Type
Elective	2876 (94.3)
Emergency or Urgent Surgery	174 (5.7)
Procedure
Spine	1144 (37.5)
Knee	992 (32.5)
Hip	914 (30.0)
RCRI Score (Lee et. al, 1999)
Coronary artery disease	326 (10.7)
Heart Failure	86 (2.8)
Stroke/Transient ischemic attack	18 (0.6)
Creatinine > 2 mg/dL	15 (0.6)
Diabetes Mellitus	445 (14.6)
Hemoglobin, mean (SD)	13.4 ± 1.6
Anemia	537 (17.6)

BMI: body mass index; RCRI: Revised Cardiac Risk Index,