Table 2.
Death (n=111) | No Death (n=2939) | Univariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Odds Ratio (95% CI) | P value | |||
Age (yr), mean | 69.71 ± 15.4 | 60.51 ± 13.0 | 1.06 (1.04,1.08) | <0.001 |
Female | 54 (48.6) | 1752 (59.6) | 0.64 (0.44,0.94) | 0.014 |
Race | ||||
White | 82 (73.9) | 1904 (64.8) | 1 | |
Black | 8 (7.2) | 425 (14.5) | 0.44 (0.21,0.91) | 0.03 |
Hispanic | 12 (10.8) | 402 (13.7) | 0.69 (0.38,1.28) | 0.39 |
Other | 9 (8.1) | 208 (7.1) | 1.01 (0.50, 2.03) | 0.68 |
Admission Type | ||||
Elective | 65 (58.6) | 2811 (95.6) | 1 | |
Emergency or Urgent Surgery | 46 (41.4) | 128 (4.4) | 15.54 (10.24, 23.59) | <0.001 |
Procedure | ||||
Spine | 50 (45.0) | 1094 (37.2) | 1 | |
Knee | 19 (17.1) | 973 (33.1) | 0.43 (0.25, 0.73) | 0.002 |
Hip | 42 (37.8) | 872 (29.7) | 1.05 (0.69, 1.60) | 0.81 |
RCRI Score | ||||
Coronary artery disease | 27 (24.3) | 299 (10.2) | 2.84 (1.81,4.45) | <0.001 |
Heart Failure | 18 (16.2) | 68 (2.3) | 8.17 (4.67,14.29) | <0.001 |
Stroke/Transient ischemic attack | 2 (1.8) | 16 (0.5) | 3.35 (0.76,14.7) | 0.14 |
Creatinine > 2 mg/dL | 3 (2.7) | 12 (0.4) | 6.95 (1.93,25.08) | 0.015 |
Diabetes Mellitus | 26 (23.4) | 419 (14.3) | 1.84 (1.17,2.90) | 0.01 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 11.9 ± 1.9 | 13.5 ± 1.5 | 0.53 (0.47 – 0.60) | <0.001 |
Pre-Operative Anemia | ||||
None | 38 (40.0%) | 2147 (81.7%) | 1 | |
Mild Anemia | 27 (28.4%) | 373 (14.2%) | 4.09 (2.47–6.78) | <0.001 |
Moderate Anemia | 25 (26.3%) | 96 (3.7%) | 14.71 (8.54–25.36) | <0.001 |
Severe Anemia | 5 (5.3%) | 11 (0.4%) | 25.68 (8.51–77.52) | <0.001 |
Baseline Hgb Not Available | 16 (14.4%) | 312 (10.6%) | ||
Blood Transfusion (any) | 71 (64.0) | 695 (23.6) | 5.57 (3.78 – 8.20) | <0.001 |
Blood Transfusion (within 48 hours of surgery) | ||||
None | 51 (45.9) | 2414 (81.4) | 1 | |
1U Packed Red Blood Cells | 21 (18.9) | 198 (6.7) | 4.87 (2.93 – 8.09) | <0.001 |
2U Packed Red Blood Cells | 15 (13.5) | 173 (5.9) | 4.00 (2.25 – 7.11) | <0.001 |
3+U Packed Red Blood Cells | 24 (21.6) | 179 (6.0) | 6.10 (3.75 – 9.90) | <0.001 |
Hemorrhage (ICD9 Coded) | 7 (6.3) | 26 (0.9) | 7.27 (3.38 – 15.64) | <0.001 |