TABLE 2.
In hospital outcomes of patients undergoing ASD/PFO closure with intracardiac versus transesophageal echo guidance
| All patients (n = 4213) | TEE guidance (n = 2237) | ICE guidance (n = 1976) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical outcome-no (%) | ||||
| All adverse events | 598 (14) | 403 (18) | 195 (9.9) | <0.0001 |
| In-hospital death | 27 (0.6) | 17 (0.8) | 10 (0.5) | 0.303 |
| Procedural death | 3 (0.1) | 1 (0.04) | 2 (0.1) | 0.163 |
| Vascular complications | 39 (0.9) | 30 (1.3) | 9 (0.5) | 0.003 |
| Vascular complications requiring surgery | 22 (0.5) | 12 (0.5) | 10 (0.5) | 0.891 |
| AKI | 81 (1.9) | 53 (2.4) | 28 (1.4) | 0.025 |
| AKI requiring dialysis | 7 (0.2) | 6 (0.3) | 1 (0.1) | 0.084 |
| Permanent pacemaker implantation | 27 (0.6) | 21 (0.9) | 6 (0.3) | 0.01 |
| Transient Ischemic attack | 180 (4.3) | 99 (4.4) | 81 (4.1) | 0.601 |
| Clinical stroke | 180 (4.3) | 117 (5.2) | 63 (3.2) | 0.01 |
| Blood transfusion | 108 (2.6) | 70 (3.1) | 38 (1.9) | 0.013 |
| Cardiac tamponade | 12 (0.3) | 8 (0.4) | 4 (0.2) | 0.346 |
| Atrial fibrillation/flutter (new onset) | 7 (2) | 5 (2.4) | 2 (1.4) | 0.488 |
| Length of stay-mean (SD), d | 3 (5) | 3 (5) | 2 (4) | <0.0001 |
| Cost of hospitalization (SD), $ | 19121 (18337) | 20386 (20781) | 17676 (14942) | <0.0001 |
| Hospital charges-mean (SD), $ | 57944 (65824) | 61843 (77342) | 53531 (49309) | <0.0001 |
| Discharged status | 0.006 | |||
| Discharged SNF/NH/IC | 215 (5.1) | 136 (6.1) | 79 (4) | |
| Discharged home | 3969 (94.2) | 2082 (93.1) | 1887 (95.5) |