Table 2.
Proportions of persons with long-term sickness absence by diagnostic cause and occupational class a
| Women, 25–64 years | p for trenda | Men, 25–64 years | p for trenda | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2005 | 2008 | 2011 | 2014 | 2005 | 2008 | 2011 | 2014 | |||
| Any cause | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 11.3 | 10.9 | 10.4 | 9.6 | <0.0001 | 7.0 | 6.7 | 6.2 | 5.8 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 17.0 | 16.7 | 16.5 | 15.5 | <0.0001 | 10.2 | 10.0 | 9.8 | 9.0 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 21.4 | 20.3 | 19.5 | 18.0 | <0.0001 | 16.3 | 15.4 | 14.4 | 13.2 | <0.0001 |
| All | 16.7 | 16.1 | 15.6 | 14.5 | <0.0001 | 12.3 | 11.7 | 10.9 | 10.0 | <0.0001 |
| Musculoskeletal | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 2.5 | 2.4 | 2.4 | 2.1 | <0.0001 | 1.5 | 1.7 | 1.5 | 1.4 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 5.8 | 5.9 | 5.8 | 5.3 | <0.0001 | 3.0 | 3.1 | 3.1 | 2.7 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 9.9 | 9.5 | 9.3 | 8.3 | <0.0001 | 7.1 | 6.8 | 6.2 | 5.5 | <0.0001 |
| All | 6.0 | 5.9 | 5.6 | 5.0 | <0.0001 | 4.6 | 4.5 | 4.1 | 3.6 | <0.0001 |
| Mental | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.4 | 2.3 | <0.0001 | 1.4 | 1.4 | 1.1 | 1.0 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 3.5 | 3.5 | 3.2 | 3.1 | <0.0001 | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.6 | 1.5 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 3.3 | 3.2 | 2.7 | 2.6 | <0.0001 | 1.7 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| All | 3.3 | 3.3 | 2.9 | 2.8 | <0.0001 | 1.6 | 1.6 | 1.3 | 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| Injuries | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | <0.0001 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 0.3685 |
| Lower non-manual | 1.8 | 1.9 | 1.9 | 1.9 | <0.0001 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 0.1881 |
| Manual workers | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.2 | 0.4498 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 3.0 | 2.8 | <0.0001 |
| All | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | 1.8 | <0.0001 | 2.4 | 2.3 | 2.3 | 2.1 | <0.0001 |
| Neoplasms | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.3528 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.0123 |
| Lower non-manual | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9813 | 0.3 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3342 |
| Manual workers | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0060 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6487 |
| All | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.0946 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.0767 |
| Nervous system | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.6188 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 0.1677 |
| Lower non-manual | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.0013 | 0.4 | 0.4 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 0.0335 |
| Manual workers | 1.3 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.1 | <0.0001 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.0044 |
| All | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Cardiovascular | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.3 | <0.0001 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | <0.0001 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.7 | <0.0001 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.8 | <0.0001 |
| All | 0.9 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Respiratory | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 0.8 | 0.8 | 1.1 | 0.8 | 0.1524 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.5 | 0.4 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.4 | 1.0 | 0.1071 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | 0.0301 |
| Manual workers | 1.2 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.9 | 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| All | 1.1 | 1.0 | 1.2 | 0.9 | 0.1951 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.7 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Digestive system | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 0.0004 | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.5 | 0.5 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.0458 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | <0.0001 | 1.1 | 0.9 | 0.9 | 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| All | 0.7 | 0.6 | 0.6 | 0.6 | <0.0001 | 0.9 | 0.8 | 0.8 | 0.7 | <0.0001 |
| Other diagnoses | ||||||||||
| Upper non-manual | 2.4 | 2.1 | 2.0 | 1.8 | <0.0001 | 0.8 | 0.7 | 0.7 | 0.6 | <0.0001 |
| Lower non-manual | 3.1 | 2.9 | 2.8 | 2.7 | <0.0001 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | 0.9 | <0.0001 |
| Manual workers | 3.1 | 2.8 | 2.6 | 2.5 | <0.0001 | 1.6 | 1.5 | 1.3 | 1.2 | <0.0001 |
| All | 2.9 | 2.7 | 2.6 | 2.4 | <0.0001 | 1.3 | 1.1 | 1.0 | 0.9 | <0.0001 |
a Unadjusted