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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Aug 1.
Published in final edited form as: Surg Obes Relat Dis. 2017 Apr 7;13(8):1337–1346. doi: 10.1016/j.soard.2017.04.003

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Modeled Prevalence of Prescribed Opioid Analgesic Use in Relation to Bariatric Surgery, Overall and by Pre-surgery Usea

Overall, there was a quadratic trend in the prevalence of opioid use from baseline to 7 years post-surgery (P<.01); prevalence initially dropped following surgery from 14.7% (95% CI, 13.3–16.2) at baseline to 12.9% (95% CI, 11.5–14.4) at 6 months (P=0.04), but then increased to higher than baseline levels as time progressed (20.3%, 95% CI, 18.2–22.5, at year-7; P<.001). Among those with regular opioid use at baseline, the prevalence of opioid use was 54.2% (95%CI 48.6–59.8) at 6 months post-surgery; there was not a trend over time (P=0.33). However, the prevalence of opioid use increased over follow-up (P<.001) among those with post-surgery initiation of opioid use from 5.8% (95%CI, 4.7–6.9) at 6 months post-surgery to 14.2% (95% CI, 12.2–16.3) at year -7.

aModels were adjusted for baseline factors related to missing follow-up data (i.e., site, age, smoking status). Observed and modeled data are reported in eTables 2 and 3 [Supplement], respectively.

bData are based on observations until January 31, 2015; data collection ended before 634 participants were eligible for a year-7 assessment.