Table 1.
Baseline Socioemographic and Clinical Characteristics of Adults prior to Bariatric Surgery.a
| Total N = 2218 |
RYGBb N = 1567 |
LAGB N = 553 |
Other Procedurec N = 98 |
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| Sociodemographics | ||||
| Female, No. (%) | 1746/2218 (78.7) | 314/1567 (80.0) | 129/553 (76.7) | 29/98 (70.4) |
| Age, y, median (IQR) | 46 (37,55) | 45 (37,54) | 48 (38,57) | 47 (38,54) |
| Race, No. (%) | (n = 2198) | (n = 1551) | (n = 551) | (n = 96) |
| White | 1907 (86.8) | 1322 (85.2) | 497 (90.2) | 88 (91.7) |
| Black | 225 (10.2) | 176 (11.3) | 42 (7.6) | 7 (7.3) |
| Otherd | 66 (3.0) | 53 (3.4) | 12 (2.2) | 1 (1.0) |
| Hispanic/Latino ethnicity, No./total No. (%) |
108/2217 (4.9) | 78/1567 (5.0) | 25/552 (4.5) | 5/98 (5.1) |
| Marital status, No. (%) | (n= 2067) | (n= 1525) | (n= 544) | (n= 98) |
| Married or living as married |
1391 (64.2) | 955 (62.6) | 376 (69.1) | 60 (61.2) |
| Divorced, separated or widowed | 437 (20.2) | 321 (21.0) | 97 (17.8) | 19 (19.4) |
| Never married | 339 (15.6) | 249 (16.3) | 71 (13.1) | 19 (19.4) |
| Education, No. (%) | (n = 2067) | (n= 1527) | (n= 543) | (n= 97) |
| ≤ High school | 496 (22.9) | 358 (23.4) | 123 (22.7) | 15 (15.5) |
| Some college | 874 (40.3) | 656 (43.0) | 183 (33.7) | 35 (36.1) |
| ≥ College degree | 797 (36.8) | 513 (33.6) | 237 (43.6) | 47 (48.5) |
| Household income, No. (%) |
(n = 2111) | (n= 1486) | (n= 530) | (n= 95) |
| < $25,000 | 374 (17.7) | 285 (19.2) | 69 (13.0) | 20 (21.1) |
| $25,000–$49,000 | 545 (25.8) | 423 (28.5) | 104 (19.6) | 18 (18.9) |
| $50,000–$74,999 | 500 (23.7) | 356 (24.0) | 129 (24.3) | 15 (15.8) |
| $75,000–$99,999 | 344 (16.3) | 229 (15.4) | 100 (18.9) | 15 (15.8) |
| ≥ $100,000 | 348 (16.5) | 193 (13.0) | 128 (24.2) | 27 (28.4) |
| Insurance, No. (%) | (n = 2164) | (n= 1522) | (n= 544) | (n= 98) |
| Private | 1422 (65.7) | 1002 (65.8) | 355 (65.3) | 65 (66.3) |
| Public | 522 (24.1) | 356 (23.4) | 140 (25.7) | 26 (26.5) |
| Othere | 220 (10.2) | 164 (10.8) | 49 (9.0) | 7 (7.1) |
| Employment status, No. (%) |
(n= 2163) | (n= 1529) | (n= 545) | (n= 98) |
| Employed | 1495 (69.1) | 1060 (69.7) | 368 (67.5) | 67 (68.4) |
| Unemployed | 79 (3.7) | 61 (4.0) | 11 (2.0) | 7 (7.1) |
| Disabled | 314 (14.5) | 228 (15.0) | 72 (13.2) | 14 (14.3) |
| Other | 275 (12.7) | 171 (11.3) | 94 (17.3) | 10 (1.02) |
| Physical Health | ||||
| Body Mass Index,f median (IQR) |
45.8 (41.7,51.4) | 46.5 (42.3,51.8) | 43.7 (40.4,48.1) | 51.7 (44.2,59.2) |
| History of back, hip, knee or ankle surgery, No./total No. (%) |
649/2158 (30.1) | 453/1522 (29.8) | 173/538 (32.2) | 23/98 (23.5) |
| SF-36 Physical component score, median (IQR) |
36.5 (27.8,45.0) | 35.7 (27.1,44.4) | 39.3 (30.5,46.9) | 34.8 (26.5,43.0) |
| SF-36 Bodily Pain score, median (IQR) |
39.6 (31.5,48.5) | 39.6 (31.5,48.5) | 40.0 (35.4,49.4) | 39.6 (35.4,44.3) |
| WOMAC knee pain score |
4.0 (1.0,8.0) | 5.0 (1.0,8.0) | 3.0 (0.0,7.0) | 5.0 (0.0,9.0) |
| WOMAC hip pain score | 3.0 (0.0,7.0) | 3.0 (0.0,7.0) | 2.0 (0.0,6.0) | 2.0 (0.0,8.5) |
| Total N = 2218 |
RYGB N = 1567 |
LAGB N = 553 |
Other Procedured N = 98 |
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| Mental Health History of psychiatric hospitalization, No./Total No. (%) |
214/2166 (9.9) | 158/1527 (10.3) | 39/541 (97.2) | 17/98 (17.3) |
| Binge eating, No./Total No. (%) |
336/2132 (15.8) | 218/1502 (14.5) | 98/533 (18.4) | 20/97 (20.6) |
| Loss of control eating, No./Total No. (%) |
757/2143 (35.3) | 507/1509 (33.6) | 211/540 (39.1) | 39/94 (41.5) |
| Antidepressant medication, No./total No. (%) |
849/2201 (38.6) | 605/1551 (39.0) | 201/552 (36.4) | 43/98 (43.9) |
| Benzodiazepine medication, No./total No. (%) |
213/2214 (9.6) | 152/1564 (9.7) | 49/552 (8.9) | 12/98 (12.2) |
| SF-36 Mental component score, median (IQR) |
51.7 (42.8,57.2) | 51.8 (42.8,57.4) | 51.8 (44.2,57.0) | 48.5 (37.2,55.4) |
| ISEL-12 Belonging score, median (IQR) |
14 (12,16) | 14 (12,16) | 14 (12,16) | 14 (11,16) |
| Beck Depression Inventory score, median (IQR) |
6 (3,11) | 6 (3,11) | 6 (3,11) | 7 (3,12) |
| Substance use Smoke cigarettes, No./total No. (%) |
275/2216 (12.4) | 215/1565 (13.7) | 47/553 (8.5) | 13/98 (13.3) |
| Regular alcohol consumption (≥ 2 times/wk), No./total No. (%) |
143/2167 (6.6) | 88/1526 (5.8) | 42/543 (7.7) | 13/98 (13.3) |
| AUD symptoms, No./total No. (%) |
142/2162 (6.6) | 99/1522 (6.5) | 36/542 (6.6) | 7/98 (7.1) |
| Illicit drug use, No./total No. (%) |
94/2159 (4.4) | 66/1520 (4.3) | 21/542 (3.9) | 7/97 (7.2) |
Abbreviations: AUD, Alcohol Use Disorder; ISEL-12, 12-item Interpersonal Support Evaluation List; Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB); non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAID); Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB); SF-36, Short-Form 36-item Health Survey; WOMAC, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis index.
Data were reported as No.(%) unless otherwise indicated.
Open RYGB (n=174) and laparoscopic RYGB (n=1393) were combined because surgical approach was no related to post-surgery opioid use(Table 2).
Sleeve gastrectomy (n=51), banded Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n=30) and biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (n=17) were combined due to the low frequency of each.
Due to small numbers, the following racial groups were combined: Asian, American Indian/Alaska Native, Native Hawaiian/other Pacific Islander, multiple races.
Due to small numbers, other type, unknown, and no insurance were combined.
Body mass index is calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.