Bicarbonate increases State I and IV respiration in hepatocytes. (A-B) 3T3-L1 adipocytes (A) or AML12 hepatocytes (B) were permeabilised and assayed for respiration using the O2K Electrode. Following the measurement of State I respiration, permeabilised cells were treated sequentially with glutamate/malate (G/M), ADP, succinate (Succ), and cytochrome C (Cyt C). Data presented as mean + SEM, from n = 3 separate experiments. *, p<0.05, using the two-tailed t-test.