Table 3.
Associations between a decrease in QUS-based parameters and plaques.
| Exposure | Adjustment | Odds ratio (95% confidence interval) | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Men | Women | ||
| BUA | Unadjusted | 1.32 (1.22–1.42) | 1.68 (1.54–1.82) |
| SOS | 1.46 (1.35–1.59) | 1.74 (1.59–1.89) | |
| Stiffness index | 1.43 (1.33–1.55) | 1.80 (1.65–1.96) | |
| Risk: medium versus low | 1.62 (1.37–1.93) | 1.99 (1.69–2.35) | |
| Risk: high versus low | 4.43 (2.87–6.81) | 4.61 (3.36–6.32) | |
| BUA | Fully adjusted | 1.23 (1.11–1.37) | 0.98 (0.88–1.10) |
| SOS | 1.20 (1.08–1.34) | 1.01 (0.90–1.12) | |
| Stiffness index | 1.24 (1.11–1.38) | 1.00 (0.90–1.11) | |
| Risk: medium versus low | 1.24 (0.99–1.55) | 0.90 (0.73–1.20) | |
| Risk: high versus low | 2.93 (1.70–5.06) | 0.93 (0.63–1.38) | |
BUA: broadband ultrasound attenuation; QUS: quantitative ultrasound; SOS: speed of sound. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals from logistic regression models. For BUA, SOS, and stiffness index, a one standard deviation decrease was modelled. One standard deviation of BUA for men and women: 13.7 and 14.7 dB/MHz; SOS: 37.5 and 33.5 m/s; stiffness index: 18.1 and 17.5. Full adjustment for age, body mass index, smoking status, physical inactivity, risky alcohol consumption, diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and, in women, additionally intake of estrogens (oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy) and years since menopause.