Table 1.
Summary of posterior probabilities of group demographics and task performance. Education is measured as the years to completion of highest achieved degree. Scores from the Wechsler's Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS-IV) are age-scaled. Difference between the groups was tested with Bayesian linear mixed models, and the posterior probabilities are summarized by the mean, standard deviation, and 95% highest density interval (HDI). The credibility of the difference distribution is assessed by the proportion of the distribution that is above or below 0 (Prop. > 0 <), which can be seen as the posterior confidence for a directed effect. Difference distributions where over 90% of posterior distribution of parameter differences are above or below zero are highlighted in bold.
| Summary of posterior probabilities | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Measure | Group | Mean | SD | 95% HDI | Prop. ≥ 0 < | |
| Age (years) | ADHD | 29.90 | 1.41 | 27.21 | 32.68 | |
| Controls | 27.42 | 1.23 | 25.17 | 29.98 | ||
| CON-ADHD | − 2.48 | 1.86 | − 6.09 | 1.12 | 0.088 | |
| Education (years) | ADHD | 12.25 | 0.46 | 11.41 | 13.19 | |
| Controls | 14.55 | 0.39 | 13.77 | 15.29 | ||
| CON-ADHD | 2.30 | 0.60 | 1.16 | 3.51 | 1.000 | |
| Visit interval (days) | ADHD | 32.14 | 2.02 | 28.35 | 36.32 | |
| Controls | 27.08 | 1.84 | 23.50 | 30.65 | ||
| CON-ADHD | − 5.06 | 2.73 | − 10.61 | 0.41 | 0.036 | |
| WAIS Matrices | ADHD | 12.46 | 0.71 | 11.08 | 13.82 | |
| Controls | 12.44 | 0.61 | 11.25 | 13.60 | ||
| CON-ADHD | − 0.01 | 0.93 | − 1.84 | 1.76 | 0.498 | |
| WAIS Similarities | ADHD | 10.87 | 0.78 | 9.43 | 12.52 | |
| Controls | 13.03 | 0.65 | 11.81 | 14.36 | ||
| CON-ADHD | 2.16 | 1.04 | 0.11 | 4.20 | 0.982 | |
| Accuracy (log odds) | Effect of ADHD | 0.54 | 0.20 | 0.14 | 0.93 | 0.995 |
| Effect of MPH | 0.17 | 0.13 | − 0.08 | 0.42 | 0.910 | |
| Placebo | 1.87 | 0.16 | 1.55 | 2.20 | ||
| Controls | 2.33 | 0.66 | 1.04 | 3.64 | ||
| MPH | 2.04 | 0.17 | 1.69 | 2.37 | ||
| Response time (ms) | Effect of ADHD | 56.57 | 59.56 | − 61.11 | 175.90 | 0.831 |
| Effect of MPH | − 8.29 | 37.36 | − 79.50 | 65.89 | 0.410 | |
| Placebo | 1026.80 | 51.83 | 927.56 | 1132.53 | ||
| Controls | 920.52 | 197.76 | 541.24 | 1315.31 | ||
| MPH | 1018.52 | 51.25 | 917.17 | 1116.42 | ||
| RT variability (coefficient) | Effect of ADHD | 0.02 | 0.02 | − 0.02 | 0.05 | 0.862 |
| Effect of MPH | 0.00 | 0.02 | − 0.03 | 0.03 | 0.449 | |
| Placebo | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.36 | ||
| Controls | 0.37 | 0.06 | 0.26 | 0.49 | ||
| MPH | 0.33 | 0.02 | 0.30 | 0.36 | ||