Table 2.
Molecular markers associated with glioma stem cells (GSC)
| Marker | Non*Glioma Cell Types Often Associated With This Marker | Comments | Identification Method | Ref |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nestin | Neuronal stem cells | Intermediate filament, function in regeneration, and act as reserve of protenitor cells | WB, IHC, or Flow | [46] |
| SALL4 | Embryonic stem cells | Transcription factor, interacts with Oct4 and Nanog | WB or IHC | [46] |
| Octl4 | Embryonic stem cells | Homeodomain transcription factor, involved in selflrenewal of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. Forms a heterodimer with Sox2 | WB or IHC | [46] |
| SOX2 | Embryonic stem cells and nueral tubes | Transcription factor required to make iPSC with Oct4 cIMyc and KLF4 | WB or IHC | [46] |
| STAT3 | Embryonic stem cells | Transcription factor active by JAK. Required for mouse embryo development. Implicated in oncogenesis | WB or IHC | [46] |
| NANOG | Embryonic stem cells | Homeobox transcription factor required for pluripotency. Works with Oct4 and Sox2. | WB or IHC | [46] |
| cIMyc | Numerous progenitor cells | Transcription factor that regulates 15% of gene expression. | WB or IHC | [46] |
| KLF4 | Embryonic and mesenchymal stem cells | Transcriptoin factor that interacts with CREBI | WB, IHC, or Flow | [46] |
| CD133 | Hematopoetic, endothelial, and neural stem cells | Glycoprotein that localizes to cellular protrusions. Most prolific GSC. | WB, IHC, or Flow | [46] |
| CD44 | Mesenchymal cells | Receptor glycoprotein involed in cellIcell interations, adhesion, and migration. | WB, IHC, or Flow | [46] |
| GFAP | Astrocytes | Intermediate filament used for astrocyteI neuron communcationand repair. | WB, IHC, or Flow | [46] |
| Olig2 | Oligodendrocyte progenitor cells and motor nuerons | Transcription factor, essential regulator of ventral neuroectodermal progenitor cell fate. | WB or IHC | [62] |
| Bmi1 | Hematopoetic Stem Cell | Polycomb ring finger oncogene. Self reInewal of HSC and inhibits the aging of | WB or IHC | [40] |
| L1CAM | Neuronal Progenitor Cells | Glycoprotein adhesion molecule, involved in neurite outgrowth and differentiation | WB, IHC, or Flow | [63] |
| CD15 | Mouse Embyonic Stem Cells | Cluster of differentiation antigen and carbohydrate adhesion molecule. | WB, IHC, or Flow | [41] |
| A2B5 | Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Cells | Series of glycolipid antigens including GT3, GT1c, and GQ1c | WB, IHC, or Flow | [41] |
| Musashi | Glial and Neuronal Progenitor cells | mRNA binding protein that promotes down regulation of 26S proteasome. | WB, or IHC | [64] |
| Integrin 6! | Neural Stem Cell | Heterodimeric intergrin cell surface receptor that regulates neuronal stem cell growth. | WB, IHC, or Flow | [65] |