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. 2017 Aug 23;7:9194. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09321-y

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Low concentration NVP treatment induced changes in mitochondria. HepG2 cells were treated with either 10 μM NVP (gray bars) or 0.0037% DMSO (white bars) for 1, 2 or 3 weeks after which cells were (A) examined for the expression of ATP6, ATP8, CYTB and β-tubulin by RT-qPCR with the expression of the mitochondrial RNA being normalized against β-tubulin and the relative expression level was calculated using 2^−∆∆CT method, and (B) the relative mitochondrial genome number was assessed by qPCR with the mitochondrial CYTB gene (mtDNA) being normalized against nuclear FPN1A gene (nDNA). Error bars represent SD (*p value < 0.05, **p value < 0.01 and ***p value < 0.001).