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. 2017 Aug 23;7:9206. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09553-y

Table 3.

Association of outcome switch and study characteristics, after univariable and multivariable adjustments (binomial logistic regression).

Characteristics Level of effect Unadjusted OR for outcome switch (95% CI) p-value Adjusted OR for outcome switch (95% CI) p-value
Study population Number (continuous data) 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.05 1.00 (1.00–1.00) 0.08
Impact factor Number (continuous data) 1.00 (0.98–1.02) 0.93 1.00 (0.97–1.03) 0.76
First author sex: Female Reference Reference
Male 2.39 (0.88–6.47) 0.09 3.05 (1.07–8.64) 0.04
Control group Whole effect 0.15 0.34
Observation Reference Reference
Active 0.33 (0.09–1.24) 0.51 0.36 (0.08–1.51) 0.39
Placebo 0.20 (0.04–1.03) 0.09 0.30 (0.05–1.73) 0.30
COI (any author) No Reference 1.00
Yes 0.61 (0.30–1.25) 0.18 1.22 (0.41–3.65) 0.72
Funding Whole effect 0.01 0.03
Non-profit Reference Reference
Mixed 0.79 (0.33–1.89) 0.28 0.58 (0.18–1.85) 0.65
For-profit 0.27 (0.11–0.62) 0.002 0.22 (0.07–0.74) 0.01