Figure 5.

The PKC-GluA2 axis plays a key role in the neuroprotective effect of CE. (A) Immunoblotting showing the expression levels of the p-PKCα, PKCα, p-GluA2 and GluA2, and p-GluA1 proteins. Relative protein levels were quantified and shown in (B,C and D) respectively, n = 3. (E) Cell viability was measured using the MTT assay. Cells were pretreated with the PKC inhibitor Bisindolylmaleimide I (BIM) for 30 min prior to treatment with CE or glutamate, n = 5. Data are shown as mean ± SEM from 3 individual experiments; One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test. NS, not significant, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.