Table 3.
Anopheles gambiae (s.l.) insecticide susceptibility test results with and without pre-expsoure to synergists
| Site (eco-epidemiological zone) | Insecticide tested | % Mortality (n) | Resistance status | P-valuea |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imerina Imady (CHL) | L-cyhalothrin | 94.67 (150) | PR | 0.007*** |
| L-cyhalothrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | ||
| Ankafina-Tsarafidy (CHL) | Permethrin | 71.3 (150) | R | 1 |
| Permethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | < 0.001** | |
| Permethrin + DEF | 91 (100) | PR | < 0.001** | |
| Vavatenina (EC) | Permethrin | 88.67 (150) | R | 1 |
| Permethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | 0.001* | |
| Permethrin + DEF | 92 (100) | PR | 0.519 | |
| Deltamethrin | 94 (150) | PR | 1 | |
| Deltamethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | 0.003* | |
| Deltamethrin + DEF | 100 (100) | S | 0.012* | |
| Bekily (SE) | Permethrin | 75 (100) | R | < 0.001*** |
| Permethrin + PBO | 100 (100) | S | ||
| Ambodifaho (EC) | Permethrin | 94 (150) | PR | 0.256 |
| Permethrin + PBO | 97.3 (150) | PR | ||
| Vohitrambato (EC) | Permethrin | 93.3 (150) | PR | 0.002*** |
| Permethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | ||
| Deltamethrin | 92 (150) | PR | 1 | |
| Deltamethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | < 0.001* | |
| Deltamethrin + DEF | 100 (100) | S | 0.002* | |
| a-cypermethrin | 91 (100) | PR | 0.003*** | |
| a-cypermethrin + PBO | 100 (100) | S | ||
| Mahambo (EC) | Permethrin | 83.3 (150) | R | 1 |
| Permethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | < 0.001* | |
| Permethrin + DEF | 100 (100) | S | < 0.001* | |
| a-cypermethrin | 90.67 (150) | PR | 1 | |
| a-cypermethrin + PBO | 100 (150) | S | < 0.001* | |
| a-cypermethrin + DEF | 100 (100) | S | 0.001* |
aReported P-values of comparative analysis of synergist exposure for each sampling location
*Statistically significant at P < 0.0167
**Statistically significant at P < 0.0125
***Statistically significant at P < 0.05
Abbreviations: CHL, central highlands; EC, east coast; SE, south-east; n, sample size; PR, possible resistance; S, susceptible; R, confirmed resistance