Figure 2. Operative times for all patients undergoing robotic lobectomy, in chronological order (mean, 277.3 min). Trocars: time elapsed between skin incision placement and robot docking. It includes port placement, video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery for cavity inspection, and trocar placement. Docking: time elapsed between the positioning of the robotic arms and the beginning of robotic surgery. It includes connecting the robotic arms to the trocars and positioning the robotic instruments (camera and forceps). Console: duration of intracavitary manipulation of instruments using the robotic arms. Conclusion: it includes undocking of the robotic arms, removal of the surgical specimen, and closure of the incisions. LUL: left upper lobe; RUL: right upper lobe; and RLL: right lower lobe.