Table 1.

Inclusion/exclusion criteriafor cases and controls.

Cases

Inclusion criteria:

Children less than 5 years old

Presence of acute, moderate-to-severe diarrhea and/or vomiting within the past 10 days. The World Health Organization defines diarrhea as 3 or more episodes of loose or liquid stools

within 24 hours

Children who are not part of this study as a case (not previously recorded to have diarrhea within the last 60 days)

Diarrhea is moderate to severe and must meet at least one of the following criteria:

(i) Sunken eyes, confirmed by parent/caretaker

(ii) Loss of skin turgor by skin pinch (≤2 s slow or >2 very slow)

(iii) Intravenous rehydration prescribed or administered

(iv) Dysentery (1 or more bloody stools)

(v) Evaluated in the emergency department or admitted to the hospital for diarrhea

Children will still be eligible for enrollment even if they have received antibiotics within the last 14 days

Exclusion criteria:

Children older than 60 months of age

Children who reside outside of the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia

Presence of chronic diarrhea (>10 days) or other comorbid conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis

Controls

Inclusion criteria:

Children less than 5 years old

Child who resides within the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia

Absence of diarrhea or vomiting within the past 10 days

Matched to cases for age. Age matching is ±2 months for 0–11 months, ±4 months for 12–59 months (can not exceed the stratum boundaries of the case)

Exclusion criteria:

Children older than 60 months of age

Child who does not reside within the Metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia

Presence of acute diarrhea, as defined by the WHO, in the previous 7 days (regardless of whether they develop diarrhea after enrollment)

Presence of chronic diarrhea (>10 days) or other comorbid conditions such as Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis