Fig. 4.

AMPK activation within PVAT partially restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT in the 12-week-old offspring of HFD dams. Pre-incubation of ePVAT with glucosamine (gluc) increased vascular contractions in male control vessels (a) but not HFD offspring arteries (b); simultaneous AMPK activation (with A769662) within male control (a) and HFD (b) ePVAT restored its anticontractile properties. Pre-incubation with gluc had no effect on female control ePVAT (c) and HFD ePVAT (d). However, simultaneous AMPK activation (with A769662) within female HFD (d) ePVAT restored its anticontractile properties. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM, n = 10; ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, 2-way ANOVA.