The 10-year CVD risk estimated with QRISK2, by age for hypothetical white males and females with different combinations of risk factors as shown in Table 1.a,baOptimal/high BMI = 22.5/30.1 kg/m2. Optimal/high total-to-HDL cholesterol ratio = 4.0/5.2. Optimal systolic BP = 110 mmHg (untreated). Treated systolic BP = 135 mmHg. Optimal smoking status = never smoker. bAll other risk factors were assumed to be non-existent (type 1 diabetes, family history of coronary heart disease in first-degree relative <60 years, chronic kidney disease, atrial fibrillation, rheumatoid arthritis, and Townsend score). BMI = body mass index. CVD = cardiovascular disease. HDL = high-density lipoprotein.