Table 1.
Baseline Variables by Smallpox and BCG Vaccination Scar Status in Guinea-Bissau
| n = 1751 | Smallpox Vaccination Scar | BCG Vaccination Scar | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| No Smallpox Vaccination Scars | Smallpox Vaccination Scars | aPR (95% CI)a | P Valueb | No BCG Vaccination Scars | BCG Vaccinaion Scars | aPR (95% CI)a | P Valueb | |
| n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | |||||
| Sex | ||||||||
| Male | 218 (32%) | 469 (68%) | 1 (ref) | .81 | 464 (68%) | 223 (32%) | 1 (ref) | .35 |
| Female | 366 (34%) | 698 (66%) | 0.99 (0.88–1.11) | 737 (69%) | 327 (31%) | 0.92 (0.78–1.09) | ||
| BCG Vaccination Scar | ||||||||
| No | 393 (33%) | 808 (67%) | 1 (ref) | .76 | ||||
| Yes | 191 (35%) | 359 (65%) | 1.02 (0.90–1.16) | |||||
| Smallpox Vaccination Scar | ||||||||
| No | 393 (67%) | 191 (33%) | 1 (ref) | .65 | ||||
| Yes | 808 (69%) | 359 (31%) | 1.04 (0.86–1.26) | |||||
| Assistent | ||||||||
| A | 108 (28%) | 279 (72%) | 1 (ref) | .04 | 266 (69%) | 121 (31%) | 1 (ref) | <.01 |
| B | 424 (36%) | 739 (64%) | 0.86 (0.75–0.98) | 834 (72%) | 329 (28%) | 0.96 (0.78–1.18) | ||
| C | 52 (26%) | 149 (74%) | 1.01 (0.83–1.23) | 101 (50%) | 100 (50%) | 1.63 (1.25–2.12) | ||
| Birth Place | ||||||||
| Bissau city | 215 (39%) | 341 (61%) | 1 (ref) | .47 | 369 (66%) | 187 (34%) | 1 (ref) | .76 |
| Elsewhere | 369 (31%) | 826 (69%) | 1.05 (0.92–1.19) | 832 (70%) | 363 (30%) | 0.97 (0.81–1.16) | ||
| School level | ||||||||
| No school | 263 (33%) | 530 (67%) | 1 (ref) | .13 | 603 (76%) | 190 (24%) | 1 (ref) | <.01 |
| Primary | 136 (27%) | 377 (73%) | 1.15 (0.99–1.33) | 353 (69%) | 160 (31%) | 1.26 (1.01–1.58) | ||
| Secondary | 185 (42%) | 260 (58%) | 1.16 (0.96–1.40) | 245 (55%) | 200 (45%) | 1.51 (1.17–1.95) | ||
| Religion | ||||||||
| Animist | 125 (35%) | 232 (65%) | 1 (ref) | .30 | 274 (77%) | 83 (23%) | 1 (ref) | .10 |
| Catholic or Protestant | 195 (30%) | 464 (70%) | 1.14 (0.97–1.34) | 429 (65%) | 230 (35%) | 1.35 (1.04–1.73) | ||
| Muslim | 75 (36%) | 134 (64%) | 1.03 (0.83–1.28) | 134 (64%) | 75 (36%) | 1.37 (1.00–1.88) | ||
| Other | 189 (36%) | 337 (64%) | 1.03 (0.87–1.21) | 364 (69%) | 162 (31%) | 1.19 (0.91–1.55) | ||
| Ethnicity | ||||||||
| Papel | 280 (34%) | 542 (66%) | 1 (ref) | .04 | 575 (70%) | 247 (30%) | 1 (ref) | .81 |
| Manjaco | 52 (24%) | 165 (76%) | 1.17 (0.99–1.40) | 145 (67%) | 72 (33%) | 1.10 (0.84–1.43) | ||
| Balanta | 86 (46%) | 103 (54%) | 0.82 (0.66–1.01) | 124 (66%) | 65 (34%) | 1.10 (0.84–1.45) | ||
| Other | 166 (32%) | 357 (68%) | 1.04 (0.91–1.19) | 357 (68%) | 166 (32%) | 1.07 (0.88–1.31) | ||
| Work | ||||||||
| Unemployed | 270 (37%) | 454 (63%) | 1 (ref) | .41 | 510 (70%) | 214 (30%) | 1 (ref) | .51 |
| Employed | 228 (35%) | 416 (65%) | 1.05 (0.92–1.20) | 424 (66%) | 220 (34%) | 1.01 (0.84–1.23) | ||
| Militaty | 34 (32%) | 73 (68%) | 1.00 (0.77–1.30) | 69 (64%) | 38 (36%) | 1.23 (0.85–1.78) | ||
| State-employed | 52 (19%) | 224 (81%) | 1.16 (0.97–1.40) | 198 (72%) | 78 (28%) | 1.21 (0.90–1.64) | ||
| SES | ||||||||
| 0 | 160 (38%) | 258 (62%) | 1 (ref) | .23 | 304 (73%) | 114 (27%) | 1 (ref) | .07 |
| 1 | 317 (35%) | 593 (65%) | 1.05 (0.91–1.21) | 627 (69%) | 283 (31%) | 1.17 (0.94–1.46) | ||
| 2 | 69 (27%) | 184 (73%) | 1.16 (0.96–1.41) | 162 (64%) | 91 (36%) | 1.37 (1.04–1.80) | ||
| 3 | 25 (24%) | 80 (76%) | 1.19 (0.92–1.53) | 62 (59%) | 43 (41%) | 1.57 (1.11–2.24) | ||
| 4 | 13 (20%) | 52 (80%) | 1.31 (0.97–1.76) | 46 (71%) | 19 (29%) | 1.11 (0.68–1.80) | ||
| Travel Abroad | ||||||||
| No | 560 (34%) | 1092 (66%) | 1 (ref) | .66 | 1133 (69%) | 519 (31%) | 1 (ref) | .48 |
| Yes | 24 (24%) | 75 (76%) | 1.06 (0.83–1.34) | 68 (69%) | 31 (31%) | 1.14 (0.79–1.66) | ||
| Living Outside of Guinea-Bissau | ||||||||
| No | 547 (34%) | 1051 (66%) | 1 (ref) | .29 | 1104 (69%) | 494 (31%) | 1 (ref) | .24 |
| Yes | 37 (24%) | 116 (76%) | 1.11 (0.91–1.35) | 97 (63%) | 56 (37%) | 1.18 (0.89–1.56) | ||
Abbreviations: aPR, annual percentage rate; BCG, Bacillus Calmette-Guérin; CI, confidence interval; ref, reference group; SES, socioeconomic status.
aPrevalence ratios and 95% CIs are estimated by Poisson regression adjusted for sex and year of birth in 10-year intervals with robust estimation of variance clustered by house bWald test.