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. 2017 Jul 14;9(6):1821–1842. doi: 10.1093/gbe/evx127

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© The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com

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Fig. 4.— — Motif recovery, sequence homology and literature curation uncover links to moulting and growth regulation. Grey edges connect Daphnia-cisTarget motifs with their predicted targets, dotted purple edges indicate literature-curated interactions and solid purple edges literature connections that were confirmed by Daphnia-cisTarget. (A) Daphnia-cisTarget establishes a connection between ecdysone-signaling and the formation of cuticle and cuticular structures in D. magna. The curated network contains genes involved in trichome formation, developmental timing and cuticle formation. References to fruit fly literature: 1) Yoshiyama et al. (2006); 2) Gauhar et al. (2009); 3) Agawa et al. (2007); 4) White et al. (1997); 5) Chanut-Delalande et al. (2014); 6) Kondo et al. (2010); 7) Menoret et al. (2013); 8) Lee and Adler (2004); 9) Gangishetti et al. (2012); 10) Jang et al. (2009); 11) Ono et al. (2006). (B) The heatmap demonstrates coexpression of the genes in the network. Note the anticorrelation of ftz-f1 and its transcriptional repressor Blimp-1 (red box). (C) D. magna might react to poor food quality of cyanobacteria by downregulation of Insulin/IGF-signaling (IIS). Among the downregulated genes are many neuropeptides, including the insulin-related peptide homologue DamIrp2, a neuropeptide receptor, and proteases that activate neuropeptides through cleavage. In insects and crayfish, those genes regulate feeding motivation, nutrient storage and starvation resistance. Homologues of targets of the D. melanogaster midgut differentiation factor GATAe (Okumura et al. 2007) (arrows labeled “13”) are enriched. DamJHE and DamJHBP hint at the action of juvenile hormone (JH). (D) The heatmap demonstrates coexpression of DamGATAe (red box) with its putative target genes, although DamGATAe itself is not significantly differentially expressed. References to known interactions: 1) Honegger et al. (2008) (fruit fly); 2) Huang et al. (2015) (fruit fly); 3) Hwang et al. (2000) (fruit fly); 4) Buch et al. (2008) (fruit fly); 5) Ida et al. (2011) (fruit fly); Maeda et al. (2015) (blowfly); 6) Reiher et al. (2011) (fruit fly); 7) Britton et al. (2002) (fruit fly); 8) Veenstra (2015) (crayfish); 9) Veenstra et al. (2008) (fruit fly); Fu et al. (2007) (crab); 10) Chen et al. (2014) (crab); 11) Lorenz et al. (1995) (cricket); 12) Hua et al. (1999); Davis (2003); Yamanaka et al. (2010) (moths); 13) Okumura et al. (2007) (fruit fly); 14) Kataoka et al. (1989) (moth); 15) Kaneko and Hiruma (2015) (moth); 16) Verlinden et al. (2015) (insects); 17) Natzle et al. (1988) (fruit fly); 18) Nijhout et al. (2014) (insects); 19) Mirth et al. (2014) (insects); 20) Kethidi et al. (2005) (fruit fly); 21) Zhao and Campos (2012) (fruit fly).