Fig. 6.—

The interplay between ecdysone and insulin signaling might coordinate growth and nutritional input. Ecdysone, juvenile hormone, and insulin/IGF signaling are known to be tightly linked and to regulate growth and development in insects (purple arrows). Colored nodes represent genes from the chronic data set that can be mapped onto the insect interactions and connect the midgut GATA network containing neuropeptides and juvenile hormone-related genes, and the cuticle-related ecdysone network. References bold interactions: 1) Mirth et al. (2014) (insects); 2) Mu and Leblanc (2004) (D. magna). References for thin arrows: see figure 4A and C. Please note that this figure depicts a highly simplified model of complex stage-, tissue-, and species-specific interactions. For a comprehensive review we refer the reader to recent literature (Gruntenko and Rauschenbach 2009; Nijhout 2013; Yamanaka et al. 2013; Vafopoulou 2014; Jindra et al. 2013; Dubrovsky and Bernardo 2014).