Table 1.
Clinical Characteristics of Patients With a Cardiac Device and Either Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia or Gram-Negative Bacteremia From October 2002 to December 2014
| Characteristic | SAB | GNB | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|
| N = 152 | N = 132 | ||
| n (%) | n (%) | ||
| Age (mean) | 63.5 (15.2) | 66 (14.1) | .159 |
| >35 | 7 (4.6) | 2 (1.5) | |
| 35 to 65 | 72 (47.4) | 55 (41.7) | |
| >65 | 73 (48.0) | 75 (56.8) | |
| Female gender | 46 (30.3) | 43 (32.6) | .675 |
| Race | .760 | ||
| White | 106 (69.7) | 97 (73.5) | |
| Black | 43 (28.3) | 32 (24.2) | |
| Other | 3 (2.0) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Device Type | <.001 |
||
| PPM/AICD | 97 (63.8) | 53 (40.2) | |
| PHV | 33 (21.2) | 39 (29.6) | |
| LVAD | 1 (1.0) | 3 (2.3) | |
| Multiple | 21 (13.8) | 37 (28.0) | |
| Past Medical History | |||
| Corticosteroid use | 19 (12.6) | 21 (15.9) | .423 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 70 (46.1) | 62 (47.0) | .877 |
| Hemodialysis dependence | 25 (16.5) | 17 (12.9) | .398 |
| HIV positive | 0 | 1 (<1) | .470 |
| Injection drug use | 3 (2.0) | 3 (2.3) | 1.000 |
| Neoplasm | 16 (10.5) | 32 (24.2) | .002 |
| Recent surgery | 37 (24.5) | 50 (37.9) | .015 |
| Rheumatoid arthritis | 3 (2.0) | 5 (3.8) | .480 |
| Transplant | 5 (3.3) | 10 (7.6) | .107 |
| Site of Acquisition | <.001 | ||
| Hospital acquired | 27 (18.4) | 56 (42.4) | |
| Healthcare-associated community acquired | 96 (65.3) | 60 (45.4) | |
| Nonhealthcare-associated community acquired | 24 (16.3) | 16 (12.1) | |
| Source of Bacteremia | <.001 | ||
| Skin/soft tissue | 30 (19.7) | 15 (11.4) | |
| Endovascular | 27 (17.8) | 19 (14.4) | |
| Gastrointestinal/ Genitourinary | 0 | 50 (37.9) | |
| Respiratory/Lung | 11 (7.2) | 11 (8.3) | |
| Other | 43 (28.3) | 14 (10.6) | |
| None/Unknown | 41 (27.0) | 23 (17.4) | |
| Persistent bacteremia | 42 (27.6) | 6 (4.6) | <.001 |
| Early bacteremia | 59 (38.8) | 59 (45.4) | .214 |
| Length of Hospitalization | |||
| <9 days | 35 (23.2) | 45 (34.1) | |
| 9–14 days | 45 (29.8) | 23 (17.4) | |
| 15 to 20 days | 18 (11.9) | 7 (5.3) | |
| >20 days | 53 (35.1) | 57 (43.2) | |
| Complications | 112 (84.9) | 24 (21.2) | <.001 |
| APACHE II (mean) | 17 | 16 | .593 |
Abbreviations: AICD, automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; APACHE II, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II; GNB, Gram-negative bacteremia; HIV, human immunodeficiency virus; LVAD, left ventricular assist device; PHV, prosthetic heart valve; PPM, permanent pacemakers; SAB, S aureus bacteremia.
NOTE: Approximately 10% of patients (N = 284) were outside hospital referrals.