Table 1.
Patients’ characteristics
| Characteristic | Discovery Cohort (n = 1200) | Validation Cohort (n = 366) | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| n | % | n | % | ||
| Median age at diagnosis of BM, y (range) |
59 (24–89) |
61 (29–105) |
0.464 | ||
| Sex | .005 | ||||
| Male | 569 | 47.4 | 204 | 55.7 | |
| Female | 631 | 52.6 | 162 | 44.3 | |
| Primary tumor | |||||
| Lung cancer | 472 | 39.3 | 157 | 42.9 | |
| Breast cancer | 265 | 22.1 | 44 | 12.0 | |
| Melanoma | 163 | 13.6 | 66 | 18.0 | <.001 |
| Renal cell carcinoma | 121 | 10.1 | 13 | 3.6 | |
| Colorectal cancer | 101 | 8.4 | 21 | 5.7 | |
| Cancer of unknown primary Others |
20 58 |
1.7 4.8 |
12 53 |
3.3 14.5 |
|
| Median hemoglobin (g/dL) | |||||
| Male | 13.60 | 13.80 | |||
| Male range | 5.54–19.40 | 7.10–19.0 | |||
| Female | 12.60 | 13.00 | |||
| Female range | 3.50–21.10 | 7.00–16.20 | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/dL) | <.001 | ||||
| <LLN | 499 | 41.6 | 122 | 33.3 | |
| NR | 692 | 57.7 | 232 | 63.4 | |
| >ULN | 9 | 0.8 | 12 | 3.3 | |
| Median platelet count (G/L) range |
250 6–936 |
273 6–1107 |
|||
| Platelet count (G/L) | .005 | ||||
| <LLN | 117 | 9.8 | 21 | 5.7 | |
| NR | 901 | 75.1 | 304 | 83.1 | |
| >ULN | 182 | 15.2 | 41 | 11.2 | |
| Median WBC (G/L) range |
8.7 0.77–82.10 |
9.3 1.7–79.1 |
|||
| WBC (G/L) | .001 | ||||
| <LLN | 58 | 4.8 | 3 | 0.8 | |
| NR | 660 | 55.0 | 189 | 52.1 | |
| >ULN | 482 | 40.2 | 171 | 47.1 | |
| Median albumin (g/L) range |
38.9 22.40–64.10 |
39.0 21.0–60.0 |
|||
| Albumin (g/L) | <.001 | ||||
| <LLN | 239 | 27.3 | 134 | 52.9 | |
| NR | 635 | 72.7 | 124 | 48.1 | |
| Median creatinine (mg/dL) | |||||
| Male | 0.99 | 0.93 | |||
| Male range | 0.38–3.56 | 0.31–3.04 | |||
| Female | 0.84 | 0.76 | |||
| Female range | 0.42–5.60 | 0.27–1.38 | |||
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | .411 | ||||
| <LLN | 32 | 2.7 | 10 | 3.0 | |
| NR | 795 | 68.3 | 236 | 71.7 | |
| >ULN | 337 | 29.0 | 83 | 25.2 | |
| Median LDH (U/I) range |
212.0 9.0–3804.0 |
392.0 147.0–4763.0 |
|||
| LDH (U/I) | <.001 | ||||
| <LLN | ‒ | ‒ | 16 | 5.9 | |
| NR | 666 | 64.5 | 178 | 66.2 | |
| >ULN | 366 | 35.5 | 75 | 27.9 | |
| Median CRP (mg/dL) range |
0.59 <0.01–165.00 |
0.30 <0.01–23.60 |
|||
| CRP (mg/dL) | <.001 | ||||
| NR | 539 | 48.5 | 226 | 61.7 | |
| >ULN | 573 | 51.5 | 140 | 38.3 | |
| GPA at diagnosis of BM | |||||
| 3.5–4 | 101 | 8.4 | 6 | 1.6 | <.001 |
| 3 | 139 | 11.6 | 32 | 8.7 | |
| 1.5–2.5 | 724 | 60.3 | 209 | 57.1 | |
| 0–1 | 236 | 19.7 | 119 | 32.5 | |
| First line treatment for BM | <.001 | ||||
| Stereotactic surgery | 437 | 36.4 | 8 | 2.2 | |
| Chemotherapy | 6 | 0.5 | 11 | 3.0 | |
| Surgery | 539 | 44.9 | 305 | 83.3 | |
| Whole brain radiation therapy | 202 | 16.8 | 35 | 9.6 | |
| Best supportive care | 16 | 1.3 | 7 | 1.9 | |
| Alive at last follow-up | <.001 | ||||
| Yes | 56 | 4.7 | 59 | 16.1 | |
| No | 1144 | 95.3 | 307 | 83.9 | |
| Median OS from diagnosis of BM, mo (range) |
7 (0–207) |
10 (0–106) |
<.001 | ||