Table 2.
Risk of Bias in Randomized Controlled Trials
| Source | Random sequence generation |
Allocation concealment |
Blinding of participants and personnel |
Blinding of outcome assessment |
Incomplete outcome data |
Selective outcome reporting |
Overall Risk of bias |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jones, 2012 | + | ? | + | + | + | + | + |
| Wang, 2010 (US) | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Calandre, 2009 | + | ? | − | − | + | + | ? |
| Wang, 2010 (Japan) | − | ? | − | + | − | + | − |
| Yeh, 2008 | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
| Nguyen, 2012 | − | ? | ? | ? | − | + | − |
| Irwin, 2008 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Li, 2004 | + | + | + | + | + | + | + |
| Hosseini, 2011 | − | − | − | − | − | + | − |
+ = low risk of bias; − = high risk of bias; ? = unclear risk of bias