| Mean age (years) |
47.8 |
45.8 |
51 |
<0.001 |
| Age group (years) |
|
|
|
|
| 18–35 |
18,528 (33.1%) |
12,745 (35.6%) |
5783 (28.7%) |
<0.001 |
| 36–50 |
13,626 (24.4%) |
9396 (26.3%) |
4230 (21.0%) |
| 51–65 |
12,359 (22.1%) |
7668 (21.4%) |
4691 (23.3%) |
| >65 |
11,429 (20.4%) |
5979 (16.7%) |
5450 (27.0%) |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
25,050 (44.9%) |
15,711 (43.9%) |
9349 (46.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Female |
30,862 (55.2%) |
20,077 (56.1%) |
10,805 (53.6%) |
| APR-DRG Risk of Mortality |
|
|
|
|
| Minor |
36,193 (64.7%) |
23,552 (65.8%) |
12,641 (62.7%) |
<0.001 |
| Moderate |
11,800 (21.1%) |
7569 (21.1%) |
4231 (21.0%) |
| Major |
6282 (11.2%) |
3729 (21.1%) |
4231 (21.0%) |
| Extreme |
1666 (3.0%) |
938 (2.6%) |
728 (3.6%) |
| Smoking |
14,549 (26.0%) |
10,412 (29.1%) |
4137 (20.5%) |
<0.001 |
| Depression |
9710 (17.4%) |
6621 (18.5%) |
3089 (15.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Anxiety |
7387 (13.2%) |
5063 (14.1%) |
2324 (11.5%) |
<0.001 |
| Depression and anxiety |
3649 (6.5%) |
2558 (7.1%) |
1091 (5.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Opioid dependence |
880 (1.6%) |
676 (1.9%) |
204 (1.0%) |
<0.001 |
| Cannabis dependence |
713 (1.3%) |
539 (1.5%) |
174 (0.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Length of stay (mean days) |
5.5 |
5.3 |
5.9 |
<0.001 |
| Total charges (mean USD) |
43,390 |
41,345 |
47,060 |
<0.001 |
| Primary payer |
|
|
|
|
| Medicare |
17,531 (31.1%) |
10,703 (29.9%) |
6648 (33.0%) |
<0.001 |
| Medicaid |
8078 (14.5%) |
5606 (15.7%) |
2472 (12.3%) |
| Private |
23, 546 (42.1%) |
14, 898 (41.7%) |
8648 (43.0%) |
| Self-pay |
3812 (6.8%) |
2598 (7.3%) |
1214 (6.0%) |
| No charges |
611 (1.1%) |
418 (1.2%) |
193 (1.0%) |
| Other |
2478 (4.4%) |
1519 (4.2%) |
959 (4.8%) |
| Median income quartiles for patient’s ZIP code |
|
|
|
|
| Quartile 1 (lowest income) |
12, 947 (23.5%) |
8538 (24.2%) |
4409 (22.2%) |
<0.001 |
| Quartile 2 |
14,082 (25.5%) |
9225 (26.2%) |
4857 (24.5%) |
| Quartile 3 |
14,303 (25.9%) |
9065 (25.7%) |
1214 (6.0%) |
| Quartile 4 (highest income) |
13,795 (25.0%) |
8447 (23.9%) |
5348 (26.9%) |
| Teaching status of hospital |
|
|
|
|
| Metropolitan teaching |
22, 458 (40.1%) |
14,210 (39.7%) |
8248 (40.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Metropolitan non-teaching |
29, 429 (52.6%) |
18, 848 (52.7%) |
10, 581 (52.5%) |
| Non-metropolitan |
4055 (7.2%) |
2730 (7.6%) |
1325 (6.6%) |
| Hospital volume |
|
|
|
|
| Low |
5757 (10.3%) |
3670 (10.3%) |
2087 (10.4%) |
0.344 |
| Medium |
13, 378 (23.9%) |
8629 (24.1%) |
4749 (23.6%) |
| High |
36,807 (65.8%) |
23,489 (65.6%) |
13,318 (66.1%) |
| Disease complications |
|
|
|
|
| Intraabdominal fistula or abscess |
4397 (7.9%) |
4397 (12.3%) |
- |
|
| Perianal fistula or abscess |
1309 (2.3%) |
1309 (3.7%) |
- |
|
| Stricture |
6348 (11.3%) |
5565 (15.5%) |
783 (3.9%) |
<0.001 |
| Bowel obstruction |
3808 (6.8%) |
2766 (7.7%) |
1042 (5.2%) |
<0.001 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding |
3433 (6.1%) |
1881 (5.3%) |
1552 (7.7%) |
<0.001 |
|
Clostridium difficile colitis |
3926 (7.0%) |
1679 (4.7%) |
2247 (11.1%) |
<0.001 |
| Hypovolemia |
9445 (16.9%) |
5481 (15.3%) |
3964 (19.7%) |
<0.001 |
| Electrolyte disturbance |
16,274 (29.1%) |
9740 (27.2%) |
6534 (32.4%) |
<0.001 |
| Anemia |
5733 (10.2%) |
3190 (8.9%) |
2543 (12.6%) |
<0.001 |
| Malnutrition |
5950 (10.6%) |
3677 (10.3%) |
2273 (11.3%) |
<0.001 |
| Hospitalization characteristics |
|
|
|
|
| Lower endoscopy |
12,266 (21.9%) |
5773 (16.1%) |
6493 (32.2%) |
<0.001 |
| Abdominal CT scan |
2218 (4.0%) |
1419 (4.0%) |
799 (4.0%) |
0.997 |
| Blood transfusion |
6335 (11.3%) |
3294 (9.2%) |
3041 (15.1%) |
<0.001 |
| Parenteral nutrition |
2541 (4.5%) |
1840 (5.1%) |
701 (3.5%) |
<0.001 |
| Small bowel resection |
1324 (2.4%) |
1159 (3.2%) |
165 (0.8%) |
<0.001 |
| Colectomy (partial or total) |
2828 (5.1) |
2117 (5.9%) |
711 (3.5%) |
<0.001 |
| Any surgery performed |
3722 (6.7%) |
2891 (8.1%) |
831 (4.1%) |
<0.001 |
| Elective surgery |
1807 (3.2%) |
1358 (3.5%) |
549 (2.7%) |
<0.001 |
| Urgent surgery |
1495 (2.7%) |
1298 (3.6%) |
197 (1.0%) |
<0.001 |
| Index admission, no subsequent readmission |
35,935 (64.2%) |
21,387 (59.8%) |
14,548 (72.2%) |
<0.001 |
| Index admission, subsequently readmitted |
7745 (13.8%) |
5384 (15.0%) |
2361 (11.7%) |
| Repeat readmission |
12262 (21.9%) |
9017 (25.2%) |
3245 (16.1%) |
