| Mean age (years) |
49.3 |
44.8 |
|
|
| Crohn’s disease |
24,826 (61.1%) |
1,944 (64.0%) |
0.001 |
1.09 (1.00–1.18) |
| Ulcerative colitis |
15,817 (38.9%) |
1,091 (36.0%) |
0.001 |
Ref |
| Age group (years) |
|
|
|
|
| 18–35 |
12.053 (29.7%) |
1,207 (29.8%) |
<0.001 |
Ref |
| 36–50 |
9.719 (23.9%) |
736 (24.3%) |
0.67 |
0.75 (0.68–0.82) |
| 51–65 |
9,582 (23.6%) |
592 (19.5%) |
<0.001 |
0.59 (0.53–0.66) |
| >65 |
9,289 (22.9%) |
500 (16.5%) |
<0.001 |
0.45 (0.39–0.53) |
| Sex |
|
|
|
|
| Male |
17,932 (44.1%) |
1,429 (47.1%) |
0.002 |
1.16 (1.07–1.25) |
| Female |
22,711 (55.9%) |
1,606 (52.9%) |
0.002 |
Ref |
| APR-DRG Risk of Mortality |
|
|
|
|
| Minor |
26,114 (64.3%) |
2,007 (66.1%) |
0.037 |
|
| Moderate |
8,602 (21.2%) |
638 (21.0%) |
0.852 |
|
| Major |
4,678 (11.5%) |
331 (10.9%) |
0.314 |
|
| Extreme |
1,248 (3.1%) |
59 (1.9%) |
<0.001 |
|
| Smoking |
10,300 (25.3%) |
851 (28.1%) |
0.001 |
1.09 (1.00–1.19) |
| Depression |
6,498 (16.0%) |
557 (18.4%) |
0.001 |
NS |
| Anxiety |
4,854 (11.9%) |
437 (14.4%) |
<0.001 |
1.17 (1.01–1.36) |
| Depression and anxiety |
2,342 (5.8%) |
222 (7.3%) |
<0.001 |
NS |
| Opioid dependence |
453 (1.1%) |
60 (2.0%) |
<0.001 |
1.40 (1.06–1.86) |
| Cannabis dependence |
474 (1.2%) |
48 (1.6%) |
0.042 |
NS |
| Weekend admission |
8,488 (20.9%) |
641 (21.1%) |
0.758 |
|
| Length of stay (mean days) |
5.4 |
5.8 |
|
|
| Total charges (mean USD) |
43,230 |
42,193 |
|
|
| Primary payer |
|
|
|
|
| Medicare |
12,912 (31.8%) |
860 (28.4%) |
<0.001 |
Ref |
| Medicaid |
4,878 (12.0%) |
509 (16.8%) |
<0.001 |
NS |
| Private |
17,979 (44.3%) |
1,258 (41.5%) |
0.003 |
0.78 (0.69–0.89) |
| Self-pay |
2,653 (6.5%) |
223 (7.4%) |
0.079 |
0.83 (0.69–0.99) |
| No charges |
404 (1.0%) |
41 (1.4%) |
0.059 |
NS |
| Other |
1,769 (4.4%) |
141 (4.6%) |
0.446 |
NS |
| Median income quartiles for patient’s ZIP code |
|
|
|
|
| Quartile 1 (lowest income) |
8,914 (22.3%) |
762 (25.5%) |
<0.001 |
Ref |
| Quartile 2 |
10,195 (25.5%) |
756 (25.3%) |
0.83 |
0.90 (0.81–1.0) |
| Quartile 3 |
10,494 (26.2%) |
750 (25.1%) |
0.178 |
0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
| Quartile 4 (highest income) |
10,429 (26.1%) |
722 (24.1%) |
0.023 |
0.88 (0.79–0.98) |
| Teaching status of hospital |
|
|
|
|
| Metropolitan teaching |
20,887 (51.4%) |
1,654 (54.5%) |
0.001 |
Ref |
| Metropolitan non-teaching |
16,563 (40.8%) |
1,189 (39.2%) |
0.088 |
0.92 (0.85–1.0) |
| Non-metropolitan |
3,193 (7.9%) |
192 (6.3%) |
0.002 |
0.75 (0.64–0.89) |
| Hospital volume |
|
|
|
|
| Low |
4,400 (10.8%) |
286 (9.4%) |
0.016 |
|
| Medium |
9,685 (23.8%) |
758 (25.0%) |
0.153 |
|
| High |
26,558 (65.3%) |
1,991 (65.6%) |
0.774 |
|
| Disease complications |
|
|
|
|
| Intraabdominal fistula or abscess |
2,830 (7.0%) |
274 (9.0%) |
<0.001 |
1.32 (1.15–1.52) |
| Perianal fistula or abscess |
866 (2.1%) |
75 (2.5%) |
0.213 |
|
| Stricture |
4,542 (11.2%) |
310 (10.2%) |
0.104 |
|
| Bowel obstruction |
2,896 (7.1%) |
173 (5.7%) |
0.003 |
NS |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding |
2,528 (6.2%) |
183 (6.1%) |
0.675 |
|
|
Clostridium difficile colitis |
2,562 (6.3%) |
220 (7.2%) |
0.04 |
NS |
| Hypovolemia |
6,719 (16.5%) |
586 (19.3%) |
<0.001 |
1.23 (1.11–1.35) |
| Electrolyte disturbance |
11,505 (28.3%) |
941 (31.3%) |
0.001 |
1.16 (1.06–1.26) |
| Anemia |
4,023 (9.9%) |
334 (11.0%) |
0.05 |
NS |
| Malnutrition |
3,750 (9.2%) |
393 (13.0%) |
<0.001 |
1.37 (1.22–1.54) |
| Hospitalization characteristics |
|
|
|
|
| Lower endoscopy |
9,685 (23.8%) |
745 (24.6%) |
0.371 |
|
| Abdominal CT scan |
1,649 (4.1%) |
110 (3.6%) |
0.242 |
|
| Blood transfusion |
4,438 (10.9%) |
379 (12.5%) |
0.008 |
1.19 (1.06–1.34) |
| Small bowel resection |
1,054 (2.6%) |
39 (1.3%) |
<0.001 |
|
| Colectomy (partial or total) |
2,278 (5.6%) |
107 (3.5%) |
<0.001 |
|
| Any surgery performed |
3,004 (7.4% |
127 (4.2%) |
<0.001 |
0.57 (0.33–0.96) |
| Elective surgery |
1,741 (4.3%) |
66 (2.2%) |
<0.001 |
NS |
