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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2018 Oct 1.
Published in final edited form as: Environ Res. 2017 Jul 30;158:798–805. doi: 10.1016/j.envres.2017.07.026

Figure 3. Associations between weekly PM2.5 levels over gestation and waist-to-hip ratio: interaction by sex.

Figure 3

This figure demonstrates the association between PM2.5 exposure over pregnancy and waist-to-hip ratio using BDLIM assuming week-specific effects. Models were adjusted for maternal age, race/ethnicity, education, pre-pregnancy BMI, and child’s age at anthropometric measurement. The y-axis represents the change in waist-to-hip ratio corresponding to per μg/m3 increase in PM2.5; the x-axis is gestational age in weeks. Solid lines show the predicted change in waist-to-hip ratio. Gray areas indicate 95% confidence intervals (CIs). A sensitive window is identified for the weeks where the estimated pointwise 95% CI (shaded area) does not include zero.