Appendix I.

Results using different specifications for propensity score adjustment

	IPW with imputation		IPW (no imputation)		Matching with 3 nearest neighbors
Dichotomous outcomes (Odds ratios)
Smoking	.41	***	.42	***	.47	***
Obesity	.75	***	.76	***	.75	**
Continuous outcomes
# physical activities	.71	***	.56	**	.57	*
Sugary beverages	−3.98	***	−3.85	***	−3.81	***
Fast food	−.55	***	−.50	***	−.36	***
N	14,265		9820 – 9948		9820 – 9948

^***p < .001;

^**p < .01;

^*p <.05;

⁺p<.10

Source: Add Health.

Notes: Effects for dichotomous outcomes have been converted to odds ratios for easy comparison. Results from matching use the Abadie-Imbens standard error.