Table 2.
Menopausal Status and Risk of Hearing Loss, Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2013)
| Menopausal Status |
Cases | Person-years | Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) |
Multivariable-adjusted RRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Premenopausal | 9,859 | 1,014,791 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Postmenopausal | 8,699 | 396,137 | 1.05 (1.01, 1.10) | 0.98 (0.93, 1.04) |
| Natural | 6,058 | 266,734 | 1.04 (0.99, 1.09) | 1.00 (0.94, 1.05) |
| Surgical | 2,352 | 115,173 | 1.09 (1.04, 1.15) | 0.95 (0.89, 1.02) |
a
Multivariable models adjusted for age; race; body mass index; waist circumference; physical activity; smoking; hypertension; diabetes; intake of alcohol, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, magnesium, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fat, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin; ibuprofen use; acetaminophen use; tinnitus; parity; and duration of hormone therapy.
Missing natural/surgical menopause (n=289 cases)