Table 5.
Duration By Type of Oral Postmenopausal Hormone Therapy and Risk of Hearing Loss Among Postmenopausal Women, Nurses’ Health Study II (1991-2013)
| Duration of Oral HT Use |
Cases | Person-years | Age-adjusted RR (95% CI) |
Multivariable -adjusted RRa (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Never | 3267 | 149062 | 1.00 (ref) | 1.00 (ref) |
| Oral ET | ||||
| < 1 yr | 116 | 6043 | 1.21 (1.01, 1.46) | 1.21 (1.00, 1.46) |
| 1-4.9 yrs | 549 | 28933 | 1.11 (1.01, 1.21) | 1.10 (0.99, 1.21) |
| 5+ yrs | 786 | 30075 | 1.17 (1.09, 1.27) | 1.18 (1.07, 1.30) |
| Oral EPT | ||||
| < 1 yr | 215 | 10885 | 1.04 (0.90, 1.19) | 1.01 (0.88, 1.16) |
| 1-4.9 yrs | 972 | 44760 | 1.10 (1.02, 1.18) | 1.07 (1.00, 1.16) |
| 5+ yrs | 616 | 22604 | 1.14 (1.04, 1.24) | 1.14 (1.04, 1.26) |
| Oral Progestins | ||||
| Ever use | 159 | 6843 | 1.19 (1.01, 1.40) | 1.15 (0.98, 1.35) |
a
Multivariable models adjusted for age; race; body mass index; waist circumference; physical activity; smoking; hypertension; diabetes; intake of alcohol, folate, vitamin B12, vitamin C, magnesium, long chain omega-3 fatty acids, trans-fat, beta-carotene and beta-cryptoxanthin; ibuprofen use; acetaminophen use; tinnitus; parity; use of non-oral HT; type of menopause; and age at menopause.
HT, hormone therapy
ET, estrogen therapy
EPT, estrogen plus progestogen therapy