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. 2017 Aug 1;13(3):203–226. doi: 10.1007/s13181-017-0627-3

Table 6.

ToxIC 2016 cases—primary reason for medical toxicology encounter

N (%)
Intentional exposure—pharmaceutical 4591 (53.8)
Intentional exposure—non-pharmaceutical 1038 (12.2)
Unintentional exposure—pharmaceutical 659 (7.7)
Organ system dysfunction 309 (3.6)
Unintentional exposure—non-pharmaceutical 296 (3.5)
Envenomation—snake 285 (3.3)
Unknown 275 (3.2)
Withdrawal—opioid 264 (3.1)
Interpretation of toxicology data 177 (2.1)
Environmental evaluation 149 (1.7)
Withdrawal—ethanol 140 (1.6)
Occupational evaluation 121 (1.4)
Ethanol abuse 90 (1.1)
Envenomation—spider 43 (0.5)
Withdrawal—sedative/hypnotic 27 (0.3)
Malicious/criminal 22 (0.3)
Withdrawal—other 13 (0.2)
Envenomation—other 10 (0.1)
Envenomation—scorpion 7 (0.1)
Marine/fish poisoning 7 (0.1)
Withdrawal—cocaine/amphetamine 6 (0.1)
Total 8529 (100)