Table 2.
Main Outcomes: Mean Observed Scores and Intention-to-Treat Analyses of Outcome Measures for Baseline to 4 Months for Participants Receiving CBT or Enhanced Usual Care
Active treatment | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Baseline | 4 months | |||||||
Measure | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | t | p value | d | 95% CI |
BAI*,† | (n = 302) | (n = 233) | ||||||
bCBT | 21.4 | 8.9 | 17.4 | 8.5 | t110 = −4.12 | <0.001 | 0.37 | (0.14, 0.60) |
EUC | 22.9 | 10.7 | 22.7 | 11.2 | ||||
PHQ-9† | (n = 302) | (n = 233) | ||||||
bCBT | 13.8 | 4.6 | 10.3 | 5.1 | t24 = −3.16 | 0.004 | 0.33 | (0.10, 0.56) |
EUC | 14.9 | 5.1 | 13.3 | 5.8 | ||||
CRQ dyspnea‡ | (n = 223) | (n = 175) | ||||||
bCBT | 3.0 | 1.0 | 3.4 | 1.1 | t88 = 2.15 | 0.03 | 0.21 | (−0.05, 0.48) |
EUC | 2.9 | 1.0 | 2.9 | 1.0 | ||||
CRQ emotion‡ | (n = 227) | (n = 175) | ||||||
bCBT | 3.6 | 0.9 | 4.2 | 1.0 | t52 = 4.33 | <0.001 | 0.46 | (0.19, 0.73) |
EUC | 3.2 | 1.0 | 3.3 | 1.1 | ||||
CRQ mastery‡ | (n = 227) | (n = 175) | ||||||
bCBT | 3.6 | 1.0 | 4.3 | 1.1 | t69 = 4.16 | <0.001 | 0.43 | (0.16, 0.70) |
EUC | 3.5 | 1.2 | 3.5 | 1.2 | ||||
CRQ fatigue‡ | (n = 227) | (n = 175) | ||||||
bCBT | 2.6 | 0.9 | 3.2 | 1.1 | t64 = 3.40 | 0.001 | 0.35 | (0.08, 0.61) |
EUC | 2.4 | 1.0 | 2.6 | 1.1 | ||||
KCCQ OSS‡ | (n = 114) | (n = 86) | ||||||
bCBT | 36.9 | 14.9 | 40.3 | 15.1 | t36 = 0.32 | 0.75 | 0.05 | (−0.32, 0.43) |
EUC | 37.4 | 19.4 | 41.8 | 19.2 |
Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; EUC, enhanced usual care; KCCQ OSS, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; bCBT, brief cognitive behavioral therapy; EUC, enhanced usual care
Means are observed means
The 95% confidence interval for the effect size was calculated using the mean values from the estimated means and standard errors from the five imputations. Formulas were from Howell42
*Analysis was adjusted for unequal variances
†Lower scores indicate better functioning
‡Higher scores indicate better functioning