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. 2017 Jun 20;32(9):1014–1024. doi: 10.1007/s11606-017-4101-3

Table 2.

Main Outcomes: Mean Observed Scores and Intention-to-Treat Analyses of Outcome Measures for Baseline to 4 Months for Participants Receiving CBT or Enhanced Usual Care

Active treatment
Baseline 4 months
Measure Mean SD Mean SD t p value d 95% CI
BAI*,† (n = 302) (n = 233)
 bCBT 21.4 8.9 17.4 8.5 t110 = −4.12 <0.001 0.37 (0.14, 0.60)
 EUC 22.9 10.7 22.7 11.2
PHQ-9 (n = 302) (n = 233)
 bCBT 13.8 4.6 10.3 5.1 t24 = −3.16 0.004 0.33 (0.10, 0.56)
 EUC 14.9 5.1 13.3 5.8
CRQ dyspnea (n = 223) (n = 175)
 bCBT 3.0 1.0 3.4 1.1 t88 = 2.15 0.03 0.21 (−0.05, 0.48)
 EUC 2.9 1.0 2.9 1.0
CRQ emotion (n = 227) (n = 175)
 bCBT 3.6 0.9 4.2 1.0 t52 = 4.33 <0.001 0.46 (0.19, 0.73)
 EUC 3.2 1.0 3.3 1.1
CRQ mastery (n = 227) (n = 175)
 bCBT 3.6 1.0 4.3 1.1 t69 = 4.16 <0.001 0.43 (0.16, 0.70)
 EUC 3.5 1.2 3.5 1.2
CRQ fatigue (n = 227) (n = 175)
 bCBT 2.6 0.9 3.2 1.1 t64 = 3.40 0.001 0.35 (0.08, 0.61)
 EUC 2.4 1.0 2.6 1.1
KCCQ OSS (n = 114) (n = 86)
 bCBT 36.9 14.9 40.3 15.1 t36 = 0.32 0.75 0.05 (−0.32, 0.43)
 EUC 37.4 19.4 41.8 19.2

Abbreviations: BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; CRQ, Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire; EUC, enhanced usual care; KCCQ OSS, Kansas City Cardiomyopathy Questionnaire Overall Summary Score; PHQ-9, Patient Health Questionnaire; bCBT, brief cognitive behavioral therapy; EUC, enhanced usual care

Means are observed means

The 95% confidence interval for the effect size was calculated using the mean values from the estimated means and standard errors from the five imputations. Formulas were from Howell42

*Analysis was adjusted for unequal variances

†Lower scores indicate better functioning

‡Higher scores indicate better functioning