Table 2.
Pregnancy outcomes for women with hepatitis B presented as relative risks
| Hepatitis B n = 2,990 (%) |
Non-n = Hepatitis B 1,090,979(%) |
Crude RR | Adjusted RR | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gestational diabetes | 68 (2.23) | 11,262 (1.03) | 2.20 (1.69–2.87) | 0.96 (0.71–1.27) |
| No | 2922 (97.77) | 1,079,717 (98.97) |
Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Preeclampsia | 59 (1.97) | 30,030 (2.75) | 0.72 (0.55–0.93)) | 0.90 (0.68–1.21) |
| No | 2931 (98.03) | 1,060,949 (97.25) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Caesarean section | ||||
| Acute | 279 (9.40) | 89,516 (8.23) | 1.11 (0.97–1.28) | 1.13 (0.96–1.32) |
| Elective | 237 (7.99) | 89,445 (8.22) | 0.98 (0.84–1.13) | 1.00 (0.84–1.17) |
| No | 2 460 (82.61) | 908,421 (83.55) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Apgar score at 5 min | ||||
| 7–10 | 2 906 (97.94) |
1,069,637 (98.37) |
Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| 0–6 | 46 (1.58) | 11,822 (1.09) | 1.43 (1.06–1.91) | 1.31 (0.93–1.84) |
| Data missing | 15 (0.48) | 5,923 (0.54) | ||
| Low birth weight (<2500 g) | 124 (4.18) | 33,641 (3.10) | 1.35 (1.13–1.62) | 1.08 (0.88–1.33) |
| No | 2,843 (95.82) | 1,053,741 (96.90) |
Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Small for gestational age | 109 (3.67) | 26,855 (2.47) | 1.49 (1.22-1.81) | 0.98 (0.78-1.22) |
| No | 2,850 (96.06) | 1 056,876 (97.17) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Data missing | 8 (0.27) | 3651 (0.36) | ||
| Congenital malformation | 101 (3.40) | 38,469 (3.54) | 0.96 (0.79–1.16) | 0.99 (0.80–1.24) |
| No | 2 866 (96.60) | 1,048,913 (96.46) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Stillbirth | 23 (0.77) | 3 597 (0.33) | 2.33 (1.55-3.50) | 1.59 (0.96-2.59) |
| No | 2 967 (99.23) | 1 087 382 (99.67) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Early neonatal death (0-6) | 4 (0.13) | 1 210 (0.11) | 1.21 (0.46-3.23) | 1.09 (0.35-3.42) |
| No | 2 963 (99.87) | 1 086 172 (99.89) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Late neonatal death (7–27) | 2 (0.07) | 458 (0.04) | 1.60 (0.40–6.42) | NPA |
| No | 2965 (99.93) | 1,086,924 (99.96) | Ref = 1.00 | Ref = 1.00 |
| Gestational age | 1.21 (1.03–1.42) | 1.22 (1.02–1.45) | ||
| Very preterm birth (<32 weeks) | 27 (0.91) | 7473 (0.69) | ||
| Moderately preterm birth (32–36 weeks) | 148 (4.99) | 45,979 (4.23) | ||
| Term births (37–44 weeks) | 2791 (94.07) | 1,033,321 (95.03) | Ref = 1.0 | Ref = 1.0 |
| Data missing | 1 (0.03) | 609 (0.06) | ||
| Induced preterm | 48 (1.6) | 14,647 (1.3) | 1.21(0.91–1.61) | 1.28 (0.93–1–75) |
| Spontaneous preterm | 127 (4.3) | 38 805 (3.6) | 1.21 (1.00–1.46) | 1.20 (0.98–1.47) |
Adjusted for mother’s age, year of birth, if the mother smokes at early pregnancy, if the mother lives together with the father of the child, BMI, parity, if the mother has diabetes mellitus, and if the mother is addicted to alcohol or are diagnosed with other dependencies. For gestational diabetes and preeclampisa stillbirths are included
The method used for measuring association between Caesarean section and liver disease was multinomial logistic regression. The interpretation of the estimates is in terms of relative rate ratios Adjusted for mother’s age, year of birth, if the mother smokes at early pregnancy, if the mother lives together with the father of the child, BMI, parity, if the mother has diabetes mellitus, and if the mother is addicted to alcohol or are diagnosed with other dependencies
NPA not possible to analyze