Table 1.

Definition of clinical features

Adapted from Cilia et al. [6]

Clinical feature	Definition
Scoring of dopaminergic deficiency	UPDRS-Part III (in medication-on condition), sum of items 19–22, 24–26 [20]
Scoring of predominantly non-dopaminergic deficiency	UPDRS-Part III (in medication-on condition), sum of items 18, 27–30 [20]
Non-motor symptoms
Dementia	UPDRS-Part I, item 1 score (DSM-IV-TR criteria) [3]
Psychosis	UPDRS-Part I, item 2 score (relevant if ≥2 or required the use of specific medications) Defined as hallucinations and/or delusions, but not confusion
Depression and apathy	UPDRS-Part I, sum of item 3 + item 4 score (relevant if ≥4 or required the use of specific medications)
Orthostatic hypotension	UPDRS-Part IV, items 42 Present if the patients required the use of specific medication and/or a fall in systolic blood pressure of at least 20 mmHg and diastolic blood pressure of at least 10 mmHg within 3 min of standing was recorded (present, score = 1) [1]
Non-levodopa-responsive motor symptoms
Dysphagia	UPDRS-Part II (in medication-on condition), item 7 score (relevant if ≥2)
Frequent falls	UPDRS-Part II (in medication-on condition), item 13 score (relevant if ≥2)
Freezing of gait	UPDRS-Part II (in medication-on condition), item 14 score (relevant if ≥2)
Postural instability	UPDRS-Part III (in medication-on condition), item 30 score (relevant if ≥2)
Motor complications
Dyskinesias score	UPDRS-Part IV, sum of items 32–35 Defined as abnormal involuntary movements, including chorea and dystonia, that could be peak dose or diphasic; off-related dystonia was not included
Presence of dyskinesias	UPDRS-Part IV, items 32 (present, score ≥1]
Disabling dyskinesias	UPDRS-Part IV, items 33 [present, score ≥2]
OFF state score	UPDRS-Part IV, sum of items 36–39
Presence of fluctuations	UPDRS-Part IV, items 39 (present, score ≥1)

DSM-IV-TR diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fourth edition, text revision, UPDRS Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale