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. 2017 Aug 24;7:9289. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09673-5

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Mechanism of QE action. Notes: Quercetin inhibited the secrete of TGF-β1, which affected the TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway and PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. When TGF-β1 bound with its trans-membrane receptors, Smad2 and Smad3 were activated and form a complex with Smad4.The complex then moved into the nuclear and regulate its downstream effectors. At the same time, quercetin activated the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway, which also took actions to modulate cellular actions. These two pathway had a complex cross talk in cytoplasma, and finally inhibited autophagy progression.