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. 2017 Aug 24;7:8297. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-07742-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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(A) Brain regions where mean diffusivity (MD) shows significant differences between groups; effect sizes are reported as bootstrap ratios. Image shows maximum intensity projection (MIP) in each imaging plane, centered on the MNI coordinates (x = 8, y = −14, z = 6). (B) Average FA in significant brain regions, for control athletes (CTL) and for athletes with concussion imaged at acute injury (ACU) and at return-to-play (RTP). The boxes enclose upper and lower distribution quartiles, and middle line indicates the median. These results show elevated MD at both acute injury and RTP relative to controls, in the identified white matter regions.