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. 2017 Aug 24;7:9360. doi: 10.1038/s41598-017-09934-3

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© The Author(s) 2017

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Schematic sketch of the Rayleigh Enhancement setup. (a) OFDR system (LUNA OBR 4600 with internal components³³: TLS: tunable laser source, FC: Fiber Coupler PC: polarization controller, PBS: polarizing beam splitter). (b) Schematic sketch of the ultrafast laser irradiation on optical fibers. (c) Nanograting formed during laser irradiation with S: The direction of laser scanning, E: The direction of the electrical field. k: nanograting orientation and the direction of light propagation.