TABLE 2.

Logistic regression analysis of risk factors for piperacillin neurotoxicity in critically ill patients

Risk factor of neurotoxicity	Odds ratio (95% CI)	P value
Univariate analysis
Women	2.11 (0.64–6.94)	0.2183
Age of >68 yr	0.49 (0.16–1.48)	0.2082
History of brain injury (stroke or trauma)	NDa
History of epilepsy	2.76 (0.23–32.5)	0.4193
History of alcoholism	1.37 (0.3–6.18)	0.6833
Fever of >38°C	1.75 (0.5–6.17)	0.3843
Sepsis	5.16 (1.59–16.77)	0.0064
Invasive mechanical ventilation	1.36 (0.45–4.1)	0.5837
Renal replacement therapy	0.97 (0.28–3.33)	0.9622
Vasopressive comedication	5.43 (1.49–19.82)	0.0105
Potentially neurotoxic comedication	0.70 (0.19–2.57)	0.6006
Hepatic impairment	2.84 (0.72–11.27)	0.1369
eGFR of <30 ml/min/1.73 m2	2.81 (0.91–8.68)	0.0721
Natremia of <135 mM	1.37 (0.30–6.17)	0.6833
Calcemia of <2 mM	2.61 (0.83–8.18)	0.0993
Lactatemia of >5 mM	ND
pH of <7.35	3.18 (0.7–14.42)	0.1343
Piperacillin concn of ≥157.2 mg/liter	26.58 (3.08–229.32)	0.0028
Multivariate analysis
eGFR of <30 ml/min/1.73 m2	1.37 (0.31–5.97)	0.6769
Vasopressive comedications	1.78 (0.37–8.54)	0.4705
Sepsis	2.36 (0.52–10.66)	0.2656
Calcemia of <2 mM	3.55 (0.78–16.18)	0.1013
Piperacillin concn of ≥157.2 mg/liter	14.86 (1.27–173.23)	0.0313

^aND, not determinable.