TABLE 3.
Multivariable (adjusted) analysis investigating the predictors of hearing loss (composite)
| Variable | No. (%) of patients with: |
Univariate analysis |
Multivariable analysis |
|||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hearing loss | No hearing loss | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | Hazard ratio (95% CI) | P value | |
| All patients | 34 (38) | 56 (62) | ||||
| Therapeutic choice at start | ||||||
| Amikacin (n = 53) | 29 (55) | 24 (45) | 5.80 (2.23–15.04) | <0.001 | ||
| Capreomycin (n = 37) | 5a (14) | 32 (86) | ||||
| Treatment group comparison | ||||||
| Starting amikacin (n = 53) | 29 (55) | 24 (45) | 11.70 (2.78–49.20) | 0.001 | 13.85 (3.25–58.99) | <0.001 |
| Capreomycin only (n = 30) | 2 (7) | 28 (93) | ||||
| Capreomycin followed by amikacin (n = 7) | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | 6.29 (1.05–37.65) | 0.044 | 4.03 (0.66–24.63) | 0.13 |
| Capreomycin only (n = 30) | 2 (7) | 28 (93) | ||||
| Starting amikacin (n = 53) | 29 (55) | 24 (45) | 1.86 (0.56–6.13) | 0.307 | 3.44 (0.97–12.18) | 0.06 |
| Capreomycin followed by amikacin (n = 7) | 3 (43) | 4 (57) | ||||
| MDR-TB type comparison | ||||||
| MDR-TB + FLQr TB (n = 12) | 8 (67) | 4 (33) | 3.26 (1.44–7.36) | 0.005 | ||
| MDR-TB (n = 70) | 22 (31) | 48 (69) | ||||
| XDR-TB (n = 8) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) | 1.62 (0.55–4.73) | 0.378 | ||
| MDR-TB (n = 70) | 22 (31) | 48 (69) | ||||
| XDR-TB (n = 8) | 4 (50) | 4 (50) | 0.55 (0.17–1.83) | 0.331 | ||
| MDR-TB + FLQr TB (n = 12) | 8 (67) | 4 (33) | ||||
| FLQr TB (n = 20) | 12 (60) | 8 (40) | 2.43 (1.20–4.93) | 0.013 | 3.15 (1.45–6.88) | 0.004 |
| MDR-TB (n = 70) | 22 (31) | 48 (69) | ||||
| Median (IQR) dose of injectable at start (mg/kg) | 14.58 (13.82–15.51) | 14.94 (14.07–16.63) | 0.84 (0.71–1.00) | 0.047 | ||
| Median (IQR) baseline creatinine concn (μmol/liter, log scale) | 4.25 (4.13, 4.30) | 4.17 (4.04, 4.32) | 4.37 (1.12–17.11) | 0.034 | ||
| Median (IQR) creatinine clearance | 114.1 (99.5, 122.9) | 119. 3 (105.8–134.5) | 0.98 (0.97, 1.00) | 0.055 | 0.99 (0.97–1.00) | 0.11 |
| Median (IQR) age (yr) (1-yr effect) | 28.5 (25–39) | 27.5 (22.5–33.5) | 1.03 (0.99–1.07) | 0.127 | ||
a
Only two of these cases occurred while the patient was receiving capreomycin. The other three occurred while the patient was receiving amikacin, after the patients had been switched off capreomycin for other reasons. Two patients had normal pure-tone audiograms at the start of amikacin treatment.