TABLE 1.
The 33 NPs with their biological activity profiles
| Name | No. | Source | CASa registry no. | MICb (μg/ml) |
LD50 by cytotoxicity assay | Selectivity indexe | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
C. albicans |
C. albicans biofilm | E. coli | |||||||
| pH 7 | pH 4.6 | ||||||||
| Morindone | 1 | Morinda tomentosa | 478-29-5 | 32 | >32 | 6.25 | >64 | NDd | ND |
| Lucidine ω-methyl ether | 2 | Morinda tomentosa | NAc | >32 | 32 | NA | >64 | ND | ND |
| Morindoquinone | 3 | Morinda tomentosa | New NP | >32 | 16 | 25 | >64 | >100 | 6.25 |
| Avocadene | 4 | Persea americana | 24607-08-7 | 16 | 8 | 25 | >64 | 50 | 6.25 |
| Plumbagin | 5 | Sigma-Aldrich | 481-42-5 | 2 | 4 | 50 | >64 | 100 | 50 |
| Alpha-hederin | 6 | Schefflera systila | 27013-91-8 | 16 | 4 | 50 | >64 | 100 | 6.25 |
| Glc-3 medicagenic acid | 7 | Dolichos kilimandscharicus | 49792-23-6 | >32 | 2 | >50 | >64 | >100 | ≥100 |
| 2-Propen-1-one, 1-(2,4-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3,5-dimethylphenyl)-3-phenyl | 8 | Myrica serrata | 65349-31-7 | >32 | 8 | 25 | >64 | 25 | 3.125 |
| O-Methyllawsone | 9 | Swertia calycina | 2348-82-5 | 16 | 8 | 12.5 | >64 | 25 | 1.5625 |
| Dihydrochelerythrine | 10 | Fagara zanthoxyloides | 6880-91-7 | 8 | >32 | 25 | >64 | 25 | 3.125 |
| Simplexene D | 11 | Swartzia simplex | New NP | >32 | 16 | 25 | >64 | >100 | ≥12.5 |
| Waltherione G | 12 | Waltheria indica | 1632043-42-5 | >32 | 32 | 25 | >64 | ND | ND |
| Waltherione F | 13 | Waltheria indica | 1632043-41-4 | >32 | 8 | 12.5 | >64 | 50 | 6.25 |
| 8-Deoxoantidesmone | 14 | Waltheria indica | NA | >32 | 16 | 25 | >64 | >100 | 12.5 |
| Waltherione E | 15 | Waltheria indica | 954367-81-8 | >32 | 4 | 12.5 | >64 | >100 | ≥50 |
| Pterostilbene | 16 | Sigma-Aldrich | 537-42-8 | 32 | 32 | 50 | >64 | ND | ND |
| (5S,10S)-11,15-(S)-Dihydroxy-12-methoxyswartziarboreol G | 17 | Swartzia simplex | 1830306-56-3 | 32 | 16 | 50 | >64 | 50 | 3.125 |
| Pulsatilla saponin D | 18 | Odontadenia puncticulosa | 68027-15-6 | >32 | 16 | >50 | >64 | 100 | 6.25 |
| 3β-O-[β-d-Xylopyranosyl-(1→3)]-α-l-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-[β-d-glucopyranosyl- (1→4)]-α-l-arabinopyranosyl] hederagenin | 19 | Odontadenia puncticulosa | NA | >32 | 8 | >50 | >64 | 50 | 6.25 |
| Garcinone C | 20 | Phytolab | 76996-27-5 | 8 | 32 | >50 | >64 | 50 | 6.25 |
| Pennogenin tetraglycoside | 21 | Phytolab | 68124-04-9 | 4 | 8 | >50 | >64 | 6.25 | 1.5625 |
| Tomatidine hydrochloride | 22 | Phytolab | 6192-62-7 | <1 | 16 | >50 | >64 | >100 | ≥200 |
| Formosanin C | 23 | Phytolab | 50773-42-7 | 1 | 4 | 25 | >64 | 12.5 | 12.5 |
| Medicagenic acid | 24 | Phytolab | 599-07-5 | >32 | 2 | >50 | >64 | >100 | ≥100 |
| Pyridoxatin | 25 | Sigma-Aldrich | 135529-30-5 | 4 | 32 | 25 | 16 | 100 | 25 |
| Isograndifoliol | 26 | Perovskia atriplicifolia | 1445475-53-5 | 16 | 32 | >50 | >64 | 100 | 25 |
| Taxodion | 27 | Salvia leriifolia | 19026-31-4 | 16 | 8 | 12.5 | >64 | 50 | 3.125 |
| Waltherione N | 28 | Waltheria indica | New NP | >32 | 32 | 12.5 | >64 | ND | ND |
| 5-(R)-Vanessine | 29 | Waltheria indica | New NP | >32 | 32 | 12.5 | >64 | ND | ND |
| Waltherione Q | 30 | Waltheria indica | New NP | >32 | 32 | 25 | >64 | ND | ND |
| Antidesmone | 31 | Waltheria indica | 222629-77-8 | >32 | 32 | 12.5 | >64 | ND | ND |
| Waltherione I | 32 | Waltheria indica | 1632043-44-7 | >32 | 32 | 12.5 | >64 | ND | ND |
| Waltherione J | 33 | Waltheria indica | 1632043-46-9 | >32 | 16 | 12.5 | >64 | 50 | 3.125 |
a
CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service.
b
The threshold for antifungal activity was 32 µg/ml.
c
NA, not available.
d
ND, not determined.
e
The selectivity index was equal to the LD50/MIC for C. albicans.