Table 1.

Typical characteristics of carcinoid heart disease

Significant tricuspid regurgitation
Mixed pulmonary regurgitation and stenosis
Concomitant left-sided valve involvement (<10%), primarily in patients with persistent foramen ovale, bronchial carcinoid or severe carcinoid syndrome
Pathognomonic fibrous plaques on echocardiography involving the endocardium of valve leaflets and cardiac chambers
Intramyocardial metastases